1 / 21

Recent advances in the understanding of the health impacts of air pollution

Recent advances in the understanding of the health impacts of air pollution. Frank Kelly King’s College London. The case for a national network of low emission zones Coin Street Community Centre, 1 st May 2014. Update sources since 2005 WHO guidelines.

patty
Download Presentation

Recent advances in the understanding of the health impacts of air pollution

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Recent advances in the understanding of the health impacts of air pollution Frank Kelly King’s College London The case for a national network of low emission zones Coin Street Community Centre, 1st May 2014

  2. Update sources since 2005 WHO guidelines • 1000’s new health studies, reviews (2006-2014) • NPACT study (2013); ESCAPE (2013) • REVIHAAP (July 2013); HRAPIE (Dec 2013) • HEI Ultrafines report (2013) • WHO Black Carbon report (2012) • IARC Diesel exhaust report (2013) • WHO Burden of disease report (March 2014)

  3. Recent developments in the evidence of the health effects of traffic pollutants – PM2.5 and NO2 Increased volume of evidence Broader range of evidence Benefits of improved air quality Role of fractions

  4. As concluded by REVIHAPP • Since WHO 2005 there is additional support for the effects of short-term exposure to PM2.5 on both mortality and morbidity based on several multicity epidemiologic studies. • Since WHO 2005 there is additional support for the effects of long-term exposures to PM2.5 on mortality and morbidity based on several studies of long-term exposure conducted on large cohorts in Europe and North America. • An authoritative review of the evidence for cardiovascular effects, conducted by cardiologists, epidemiologists, toxicologists and other public health experts, concluded that long-term exposure to PM2.5 are a cause of both cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.

  5. Recent developments in the evidence of the health effects of traffic pollutants – PM2.5 and NO2 Increased volume of evidence Broader range of evidence Benefits of improved air quality Role of fractions

  6. As concluded by REVIHAPP – PM2.5 • Significantly more insight has been gained into physiological effects and plausible biological mechanisms linking short- and long-term PM2.5 exposure with mortality and morbidity as observed in epidemiological, clinical and toxicological studies; • Additional studies linking long-term exposure to PM2.5 to several new health outcomes including atherosclerosis, adverse birth outcomes and childhood respiratory disease; • Emerging evidence also suggests possible links between long-term PM2.5 exposure and neurodevelopment and cognitive function as well as other chronic disease conditions such as diabetes.

  7. As concluded by REVIHAPP – NO2 • Many new studies document associations between day-to-day variations in NO2 concentration and variations in mortality, hospital admissions, and respiratory symptoms. • Studies have now been published, showing associations between long-term exposure to NO2 and mortality and morbidity. • Both short- and long-term studies have found these associations with adverse effects at concentrations at or below the current EU limit values. • The results of these new studies provide support for updating the 2005 global update of the WHO air quality guidelines which could result in lower guideline values.

  8. Recent developments in the evidence of the health effects of traffic pollutants – PM2.5 and NO2 Increased volume of evidence Broader range of evidence Benefits of improved air quality Role of fractions

  9. Role of PM fractions

  10. Source types • Road traffic • Carbonaceous material • Traffic generated dust including road, brake & tyre wear • Coal combustion • Shipping (oil combustion) • Power generation (oil & coal combustion) • Metal industry (nickel) • Biomass combustion (wood combustion, wild fires) • Desert dust episodes

  11. Traffic is the main source of urban pollution Manchester Glasgow

  12. Summary of air pollution related health effects- epidemiology evidence synthesis -

  13. Recent developments in the evidence of the health effects of traffic pollutants – PM2.5 and NO2 Increased volume of evidence Broader range of evidence Benefits of improved air quality Role of fractions

  14. Improvements in PM10 (& PM2.5) reduces respiratory symptoms New Cough Persistent Cough Persistent Wheeze New Wheeze SAPALDIA Study, Schindler et al, 2009

  15. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

  16. PM2.5 air pollution & life expectancy in the US Change in life expectancy, 1980-2000 (yr) Reduction in PM2.5, 1980-2000 (μg/m3) Pope et al, 2009

  17. REVIHAAP – Question C2 Is there any new evidence on the health effects of NO2 that impact upon the current limit values? Are long-term or short-term limit values justified on the grounds that NO2 affects human health directly, or is it linked to other co-emitted pollutants for which NO2 is an indicator substance?

  18. 10 years of air quality guidelines Particulate matter (PM) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Ozone (O3)

  19. Across the UK poor air quality...... • resulted in the equivalent of 29,000 deaths due to breathing tiny particles released into the air (in 2008) • the average loss of life was 11.5 years, (although the actual amount varies between individuals) Published December 2010

More Related