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Community Development Tourism as a Sustainable Alternative

Community Development Tourism as a Sustainable Alternative. Emily McIntyre. Agenda. Introduction Sustainability and Community-based Tourism Case Study: Operation Wallacea, Indonesia Stakeholder Involvement and Participation Collaboration and Partnerships Stakeholder Activity

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Community Development Tourism as a Sustainable Alternative

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  1. Community Development Tourism as a Sustainable Alternative Emily McIntyre

  2. Agenda • Introduction • Sustainability and Community-based Tourism • Case Study: Operation Wallacea, Indonesia • Stakeholder Involvement and Participation • Collaboration and Partnerships • Stakeholder Activity • Benefits of Community-based Tourism • Obstacles to Community-based Tourism • Recommendations for the Future • Conclusion

  3. Introduction

  4. Sustainability and Community-based Tourism • Empowering Communities • Providing Opportunities • Grassroots involvement • Democracy and Holistic Planning • Break free from the destructive influences of mass tourism • Regard for Socio-cultural and economic conditions • Treated as subjects, and not objects

  5. Operation Wallacea, Indonesia • Stakeholder involvement in processes • Traditional knowledge and cultural variables • Education in Resource management and English • Radio Announcements • Work with Non-profit FORKANI • Environmental and Cultural preservation • Initiatives to spread the income

  6. Doxey’s Irridex

  7. Stakeholder Involvement and Participation • Local Control • All voices should be heard • Stakeholder’s involved in all processes from the beginning • Indigenous systems are often more sustainable (Sharpley and Telfer, 2002) • Harmonized with cultural traditions • Community cohesion and cooperation

  8. Collaboration and Partnerships • Lack of coordination in developing countries • Collaborative effort is necessary for success in developing tourism • Private, Public and Government Agencies • Cross-border Cooperation • Co-management as a solution to share resources (Plummer and Fitzgibbon, 2004) • Collaboration under Sustainable Development Debate: How may partnerships be a benficial? A barrier?

  9. Benefits -Range of stakeholders involved for change and improvements  -Democracy  -Social acceptance  -Coordination of policies  - Importance of non-economic issues  -Pooling of resources  -Non-tourism activities may be encouraged Barriers -Limited tradition of stakeholders participating in policy making -Difficult for equal representation  -Healthy conflict may be stifled  -Collaborative efforts may be under-resourced   -May block innovation  -Costly & time consuming Partnerships (Bramwell and Lane, 2000)

  10. Benefits of Community-based Tourism • Higher degree of local participation • Community-friendly destinations • Infrastructure development • Local products and labour • Raises community-awareness • Economic benefits

  11. Obstacles to Community-based Tourism • Traditional views of Power concentration • Political power or coercion • Role of Women • Inadequate local expertise in tourism • A sense of inadequacy • Economic Issues

  12. Recommendations for the Future

  13. Conclusion • Community-based tourism provides a more sustainable alternative than mass tourism • Role of Community leaders • Continual monitoring and management • Potential for Political, Social, Economic and Psychological empowerment • Acheives sustainability, harmony and cultural integrity

  14. Questions • How may partnerships be a barrier to these communities?

  15. References Bramwell, B. and Lane, B. (2000). Tourism Collaboration and Partnerships: Politics, Practice and Sustainability. Great Britain: Biddles Ltd. Jamal, T. and Getz, D. (1995). Collaboration theory and Community Tourism Planning. Annals of Tourism Research 22 (1), 186-204. Plummer, R. and Fitzgibbon, J. (2004). Co-Management of Natural Resources: A Proposed Framework. Environmental Management 33 (6), 876-885. Sharpley, R. and Telfer, D. (2002). Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues. Clevedon: Channel View Publications.

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