Table of Contents

1. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Section 2 Aerobic Respiration Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration Table of Contents

2. Difference between breathing and cellular respiration. Describethe major events in glycolysis (part of respiration). Comparelactic acid fermentation with alcoholic fermentation (respiration without oxygen). Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Objectives

3. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Photosynthesis-Cellular Respiration Cycle

4. Breathingis the process of multicellular organisms bring O2 into the body and removing CO2 from the body through lungs, skin or gills. This assist the process of cellular respiration. A mechanical issue that diffuses gases for the cell. Cellular respirationis the process by which cells break down organic compounds to produce ATP. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular respiration to make CO2 and water from organic compounds and O2. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 I. Harvesting Chemical Energy

6. Breathing Cellular respirationis the process by which cells break down organic compounds to produce ATP. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular Respiration start with GLYCOLYSIS: Occurs in the cytoplasm Breaks down glucose (C6) into pyruvate (2 C3) Gives off electrons and H+ picked up by 2NAD+ to become 2NADH. Also releases a little energy in the form of 2ATP. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 I. Harvesting Chemical Energy

7. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Glycolysis Glycolysis NADH

8. Breathing Cellular respirationis the process by which cells break down organic compounds to produce ATP. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular Respiration start with GLYCOLYSIS: Next Stage is determined by OXYGEN: Anaerobic Cellular Respiration uses no __________ and is also called __________________ Aerobic Cellular Respiration uses ___________ Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 I. Harvesting Chemical Energy

9. Breathing Cellular respirationis the process by which cells break down organic compounds to produce ATP. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular Respiration start with GLYCOLYSIS: Next Stage is determined by OXYGEN: FERMENTATION Aerobic Cellular Respiration Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 I. Harvesting Chemical Energy

10. If oxygen is not present, some cells can convert pyruvic acid (2 C3) into other compounds through additional biochemical pathways that occur in the cytoplasm. Fermentation does not produce ATP, but it does regenerate NAD+, which allows for the continued production of ATP through glycolysis. Two types of Fermentation LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 a. Fermentation

11. If oxygen is not present Fermentation does not produce ATP Two types of Fermentation LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION - an enzyme converts pyruvic acid (2 C3) into another three-carbon compound, called lactic acid (2 C3) . Humans = muscle cramps ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION - Some plants and unicellular organisms, such as yeast, convert pyruvic acid (2 C3) into ethyl alcohol (2 C2) and CO2 gas is released. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 a. Fermentation

12. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Two Types of Fermentation

13. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Glycolysis – breaks down glucose to pyruvate -produced 2 ATP, and 2NADH Fermentation occurs without oxygen present -Lactic Acid and Alcoholic Fermentation Section 2 Aerobic Respiration Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration Table of Contents

14. Section 2 Aerobic Respiration Chapter 7 Objectives • Relateaerobic respiration to the structure of a mitochondrion. • Summarize the events of the Krebs cycle. • Summarize the events of the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. • Calculatethe efficiency of aerobic respiration. • Contrast the roles of glycolysis and aerobic respiration in cellular respiration.

15. Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) = process that cells use to produce ATP by breaking down glucose or other food molecules.  

17. AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION In eukaryotic cells, the processes of aerobic respiration occur in the mitochondria. Aerobic respiration only occurs if oxygen is present in the cell. Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm Two more Stages (Total of three stages for aerobic respiration) KREB’S Cycle: matrix of the mitochondria Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen

18. Three Main Stages of Cellular Respiration

19. AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION In eukaryotic cells Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm Two more Stages (Total of three stages for aerobic respiration) KREB’S Cycle: matrix of the mitochondria Uses Pyruvate (2 C3) and releases 2 CO2 to make Acetyl Co A (2 C2). The Acetyl CoA (2 C2) combines with a two carbon four molecules to make citric acid (2 C6) Through a series of reactions, 6 NADH released, 2 ATP released, 2 FADH2 and 4 CO2 released. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen

20. Preparing for Kreb’s Cycle

21. Kreb's Review

22. Three Main Stages of Cellular Respiration

23. AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION In eukaryotic cells Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm Two more Stages (Total of three stages for aerobic respiration) KREB’S Cycle: matrix of the mitochondria Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae. 1) High-energy electrons in hydrogen atoms from NADH and FADH2 are passed from molecule to molecule in the electron transport chain. 2) Protons (hydrogen ions, H+) are also given up by NADH and FADH2. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen

24. Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae. 1) High-energy electrons in hydrogen atoms from NADH and FADH2 are passed from molecule to molecule in the electron transport chain. 2) Protons (hydrogen ions, H+) are also given up by NADH and FADH2. 3) Electrons move through the ETC, they lose energy. This energy pumps protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen

25. Section 2 Aerobic Respiration Chapter 7

26. Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae. 4) High concentration of protons creates a concentration gradient of protons and a charge gradient 5) Protons move through ATP synthase and down their concentration and electrical gradients, ATP is produced. 6) Oxygen combines with the electrons and protons to form water. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen

27. Section 2 Aerobic Respiration Chapter 7 ETC Review

29. Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) = process that cells use to produce ATP by breaking down glucose or other food molecules.  

30. AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION In eukaryotic cells Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm Two more Stages: KREB’S Cycle and ETC Efficiency of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration can produce up to 38 ATP molecules from the oxidation of a single molecule of glucose. Most eukaryotic cells produce about 36 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. Thus, cellular respiration is nearly 20 times more efficient than glycolysis alone. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen

31. Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) = process that cells use to produce ATP by breaking down glucose or other food molecules.  

32. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Glycolysis Fermentation Section 2 Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle ETC and Chemiosmosis Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration Table of Contents

33. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Aerobic Cellular Respiration Vs. Fermentation

34. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Comparing Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept