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Dangers of Inhalants: Effects, Risks & Medical Consequences

Inhalants are solvents and substances in common household products such as glue, paint, and lighter fluid. Popular among youths, these substances are sniffed, huffed, or inhaled directly, leading to rapid absorption and effects like alcohol intoxication. However, they come with severe side effects such as headache, nausea, and even death. Learn about the categories, medical consequences, and toxicity associated with inhalant abuse.

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Dangers of Inhalants: Effects, Risks & Medical Consequences

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  1. Inhalants

  2. Lots of Different Types • Are solvents and substances found in common household products • Glues • Hair Spray • Lighter fluid • Paint products • Others • Is very popular among youth

  3. Routes • Are sniffed directly • Huffed from a rag soaked in the substance and held to the face • Can be placed in a bag • Lots of substance substitution

  4. Effects • Rapid absorption • Blood levels peak rapidly • Rapid entry into the brain • Effects resemble alcohol intoxication • Stimulation • Loss of inhibition • Depression • Loss of time and space

  5. Side Effects • Headache • Nausea/vomiting • Slurred speech • Loss of motor coordination • Wheezing • Glue sniffer’s rash around the nose • Can induce heart failure and death • Hearing loss • Liver and kidney damage • Others

  6. Death • Results from suffocation • Especially with plastic bags over the head • Displaces oxygen in lungs and CNS

  7. Categories • Solvents • Gases • Nitrites

  8. Solvents • Paint thinners • Degreasers • Dry cleaning fluids • Gas • Glue • Art and office supplies • Felt tip markers

  9. Gases • Butane lighters • Propane tanks • Whipping cream aerosols • Household aerosols • Hair and deodorant sprays • Medical gasses –ether, nitrous oxide

  10. Nitrites • Used to dilate blood vessels and relax muscles • Used as sexual enhancers • Cyclohexyl nitrite – in room deodorizers • Amyl Nitrate (poppers, snappers) • Used for heart pain Butyl Nitrate (Poppers) are illegal

  11. Medical Consequences • Rapid tolerance (Dopamine neurons) • Demyelination • Can cause rapid or irregular heart rhythms within minutes • Can result in death even in health persons - sudden sniffing death • Usually from butane, propane, aerosols • Asphyxiation • Suffocation • Choking on vomit • Accidents

  12. Toxicity • Are highly toxic • Brain and SC • Lungs • Liver • Kidneys • May be permanent

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