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This article discusses the importance of ethical design and the process of needs analysis for a sandwich design project, including gathering data from users, identifying their needs and constraints, and developing a proposed design concept. The article also highlights the significance of clear communication, conflict resolution, and respect in team ethics, as well as the schedule for the project's assignments.
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1. Design and Ethics2. Sandwich and Scope3. Ethics Assignments
Problem Analysis Phase Needs/Constraints Research Requirements Specification Problem/User Identification Design Phase Design Feedback Proposed Design Concept Generation Build/Test Phase Construction/Integration Prototype Testing/Refinement Delivery/Documentation Monitoring Phase User Exp./Testing Improvement/Redesign
Design Proposition #1: Not all “good” design is ethical design “Ethical Design” IX Interactions Authors: Ashley Karr Posted: Thu, July 24, 2014 - 10:29:26
Personal Societal Professional
Design Proposition #2: Designers should not make assumptions about user/audience/client/etc.
Needs Identification • Voice of the customer: • Gather raw data from users • Interpret needs (requirements/constraints) • Organize needs into hierarchy • Determine the relative importance • Who are the users of your system? • How might you gather data on users? • What information do you need?
What is the key to a good sandwich? Delicious, Delicious Topic Sentences (t.s.)
Are these satisfying? • The proposed project points to a number of technical problems. • The team will also research ethics and previous designs.
Better? • The main technical problems the team will research are sensor parameters, signal strength, and data processing. • We will also research safety and privacy as our key ethical concerns, as well as intellectual property concerns posed by previous solutions to this problem .
T. S.—Do not be afraid of specifics • Bob and Roberta will research the technical requirements of the project, specifically sensor parameters, signal strength, and data processing. • Rob and Boberta will research safety and privacy as our key ethical concerns, as well as intellectual property concerns posed by previous solutions to this problem .
What is in anIntroduction & Scope Statement? • Begin with a clear statement that outlines the document’s purpose and subject. In other words, state the reason for producing this document to the audience. Introduce your team’s project with a concise description of your design project: its topic, its significance, and the context of a two-semester Senior Design process. Provide a scope statement that is more than a repetition of the main headings; instead, you should capture in a phrase or two the essential information in each section. If your scope statement could be in any document, it does not introduce your document. Do not include the Introduction and the Conclusion in the scope.
What is a good overview? • “This memo provides an overview of team ethics and project management for Team Cajun Spice, which is focused on designing a spice rack for the blind. Our sponsor—Penzey’s Spices—has tasked us with developing a design for a prototype in the Fall 2017 semester and with prototyping and testing our design in Spring 2018. ….” • What else?
How does this Scope function? • “This document addresses the ethical behaviors the team will practice. In addition, it defines the protocol for handling breaches of the code of conduct agreed upon by all members. Our team has decided on a Work Breakdown Structure that divides the objective of our project into subtasks. Each member of the team is responsible for one of the subtasks outlined in the Linear Responsibility Chart. Lastly, an included Gantt Chart defines the scheduling the team will follow to complete the tasks laid out in the Work Breakdown Structure.”
Key question: Could your scope be in someone else’s memo? If so, it does not introduce your memo. • “This document addresses the ethical behaviors the team will practice. In addition, it defines the protocol for handling breaches of the code of conduct agreed upon by all members. Our team has decided on a Work Breakdown Structure that divides the objective of our project into subtasks. Each member of the team is responsible for one of the subtasks outlined in the Linear Responsibility Chart. Lastly, an included Gantt Chart defines the scheduling the team will follow to complete the tasks laid out in the Work Breakdown Structure.”
“The team ethics section discusses clear communication, timely conflict resolution, and respect as key characteristics of our team, and we have established procedures for handling team problems. The Ethics Compact lists specific rules to ensure our team abides by ethical principles. The project management sections details our work breakdown, individual and team responsibilities, and schedule for the following assignments: Team Project Plan (3/26), Research Review Presentation (4/7), Research Email (4/14), Design Review Presentation (4/30), and Problem Statement (4/24). We have assigned leaders to research the following areas for our Research Presentation and Email: Market Research (Robert), User Needs (Leela), Ethics of Data Management (Sneha), Operational Environment (Cassidy), and Current Solutions (Ross). We will develop our our Problem Analysis in a three-step process: 1) etc…. The team will then brainstorm and evaluate designs for the Design Review Presentation in Week 14 and report on our ethical considerations in our Ethics Memo on [date]. We will rotate general writing assignments equitably amongst ourselves, with each member taking on drafting, revision, and visual design for different assignments. A more detailed assignments can be found in our Linear Responsibility Chart and Gantt Chart in the Appendix.”
Part 3: Ethics Assignments • Problem Analysis Presentation (Research) • Leadership Memo #1 (Terry) • Team Ethics Memo (Design) • Response #14 (Day w/out Technology)
“ICTs [Internet and Information Communication Technologies] are indeed reducing many of our cherished cognitive facilities, much as our physical fitness has been reduced by all kinds of machinery for physical work and locomotion. However, in my opinion, this mental change is not too bad, as long as our reduced facilities are overcompensated by appropriate technology. We must make sure of two things: that we are not completely lost in case of large-scale breakdowns of technology and that use of ICTs does not endanger our creativity.” • Hermann Maurer, Does the Internet Make Us Stupid?” (48)
“While some blame our collective tech addiction on personal failings, like weak willpower, Harris points a finger at the software itself. That itch to glance at our phone is a natural reaction to apps and websites engineered to get us scrolling as frequently as possible. The attention economy, which showers profits on companies that seize our focus, has kicked off what Harris calls a “race to the bottom of the brain stem.” “You could say that it’s my responsibility” to exert self-control when it comes to digital usage, he explains, “but that’s not acknowledging that there’s a thousand people on the other side of the screen whose job is to break down whatever responsibility I can maintain.” In short, we’ve lost control of our relationship with technology because technology has become better at controlling us.”--The Binge Breaker: Tristan Harris believes Silicon Valley is addicting us to our phones. He’s determined to make it stop.
“McDonald’s hooks us by appealing to our bodies’ craving for certain flavors; Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter hook us by delivering what psychologists call “variable rewards.” Messages, photos, and “likes” appear on no set schedule, so we check for them compulsively, never sure when we’ll receive that dopamine-activating prize. (Delivering rewards at random has been proved to quickly and strongly reinforce behavior.) Checking that Facebook friend request will take only a few seconds, we reason, though research shows that when interrupted, people take an average of 25 minutes to return to their original task.”
“Even so, a niche group of consultants has emerged to teach companies how to make their services irresistible. One such guru is NirEyal, the author of Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products, who has lectured or consulted for firms such as LinkedIn and Instagram. A blog post he wrote touting the value of variable rewards is titled “Want to Hook Your Users? Drive Them Crazy.” While asserting that companies are morally obligated to help those genuinely addicted to their services, Eyal contends that social media merely satisfies our appetite for entertainment in the same way TV or novels do, and that the latest technology tends to get vilified simply because it’s new, but eventually people find balance.
“Rather than dismantling the entire attention economy, Harris hopes that companies will, at the very least, create a healthier alternative to the current diet of tech junk food. He recognizes that this shift would require reevaluating entrenched business models so success no longer hinges on claiming attention and time. … • Under the auspices of Time Well Spent, Harris is leading a movement to change the fundamentals of software design. He is rallying product designers to adopt a “Hippocratic oath” for software that, he explains, would check the practice of “exposing people’s psychological vulnerabilities” and restore “agency” to users. “There needs to be new ratings, new criteria, new design standards, new certification standards,” he says. “There is a way to design based not on addiction.”
