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War Erupts: Fort Sumter & Bull Run Battles

Learn about the key events of the Civil War, from the first shots at Fort Sumter to the surprising outcome of the Battle of Bull Run. Discover Lincoln's actions, the strategies of the North and South, and the lessons learned from these early clashes.

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War Erupts: Fort Sumter & Bull Run Battles

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  1. Chapter 16 Section 1 War Erupts

  2. First Shots at Fort Sumter • Key ? – What did Lincoln do about the forts in Confederate territory? • Fort Sumter – Charleston Harbor – running out of supplies. • Lincoln sent supplies – Confederacy (nation formed by the Southern states) attacked the fort before supplies arrived. • Robert Anderson surrendered to the Confederates on April 12, 1861. • Marked the beginning of the Civil War.

  3. Lincoln Calls Out the Militia • Two days after Fort Sumter, Lincoln requested 75,000 militia to serve for 90 days. • VA, NC, TN, AK joined the Confederacy. • Confederacy moved capital to Richmond. • Better chance of winning because VA was rich and populous. (heavily populated) • Home of Robert E. Lee – the South’s greatest general.

  4. Choosing Sides • Border States – Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri – slave states that bordered states where slavery was illegal. • Location and resources important to both sides – all 4 stayed in the Union. • During the war, the western counties of VA broke away from the Confederacy and formed the state of WV in 1863. • 24 states in the Union; 11 Confederate.

  5. Planning Strategies • South hoped Britain would help because of cotton exports. Used both defensive and offensive strategy, by invading the North. • North – Anaconda Plan – Winfield Scott –to strangle the South’s economy like a giant snake squeezing its prey. • Naval blockade of South’s coastline. • Control of the Mississippi River. • Capturing Richmond, VA

  6. First Battle of Bull Run • Key? – Why was the Union surprised by the outcome of Bull Run? • North wanted to attack Richmond, VA. • Must defeat the Confederacy at Manassas, VA first. (near Washington D.C.) • General McDowell (North) marched to Manassas. • Spectators came to watch the war. • Attacked Confederacy near Bull Run creek.

  7. Bull Run • General Beauregard (South) were driven back. • Jackson stopped the Union advance. • “There is Jackson standing like a stone wall!” • Confederates counter attacked with a blood curdling scream (rebel yell). • Union fled and the Confederate victory thrilled the South.

  8. Lessons of Bull Run • North 2,700 casualties • South 2,000 casualties • Fighting would be bloody; not over quickly; and South would fight fiercely. • Lincoln called for 500,000 volunteers for 3 years. • Appointed George McClellan as Union Commander in the east.

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