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Chapter 11 Oil & Natural Gas Formation

Chapter 11 Oil & Natural Gas Formation. Spindletop 1901. Salt under pressure like a lava lamp, bubbling upward, breaking and deforming the rocks above. Broken rocks act as effective traps for oil and gas. Oil Reserves & Type. Natural Gas Reserves. Oil Refining - Distillation. Peak Oil?.

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Chapter 11 Oil & Natural Gas Formation

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  1. Chapter 11Oil & Natural Gas Formation

  2. Spindletop 1901 Salt under pressure like a lava lamp, bubbling upward, breaking and deforming the rocks above. Broken rocks act as effective traps for oil and gas.

  3. Oil Reserves & Type

  4. Natural Gas Reserves

  5. Oil Refining - Distillation

  6. Peak Oil? Oil production may peak 2010-2100 by 2020 seems likely • Dependent On: • Technology • Consumption • Economics • Exploration

  7. 1936 – Saudi Arabia Yom Kippur War 1973 OAPEC Strategic Petroleum Reserve

  8. ?

  9. Pipeline

  10. Exxon Valdez • Largest Oil Spill in the US: Alaska, 1989

  11. Exxon Valdez • Largest Oil Spill in the US: Alaska, 1989 Pressure Washed Dispersant - Solvents Quicker Picker-Uppers

  12. Top 10 Oil Spills • 1. Kuwait - 1991 - 520 million gallons • Iraqi forces opened the valves of several oil tankers in order to slow the invasion of American troops. • 2. Mexico - 1980 - 100 million gallons • An accident in an oil well caused an explosion which then caused the well to collapse. The well remained open, spilling 30,000 gallons a day into the ocean for a full year. • 3. Trinidad and Tobago - 1979 - 90 million • oil tanker collided with another ship • 4. Russia - 1994 - 84 million gallons • A broken pipeline in Russia leaked for eight months before it was noticed and repaired. • 5. Persian Gulf - 1983 - 80 million gallons • A tanker collided with a drilling platform which, eventually, collapsed into the sea. The well continued to spill oil into the ocean for seven months before it was repaired. • 6. South Africa - 1983 - 79 million gallons • A tanker cought fire • 7. France - 1978 - 69 million gallons • A tanker in a severe storm, • 8. Angola - 1991 - more than 51 million gallons • The tanker expolded • 9. Italy - 1991 - 45 million gallons • The tanker exploded and sank off the coast of Italy and continued leaking it's oil into the ocean for 12 years. • 10. Odyssey Oil Spill - 1988 - 40 million gallons • Exon Valdez: 10.8 Million Gallons • Deepwater Horizon BP: 206 Million Gallons

  13. The Cost • The Immediate Impact - Estimated • 250,000 to as many as 500,000 seabirds • 1,000 sea otters • 300 harbor seals • 250 bald eagles • 22 orcas • billions of salmon and herring eggs • A fishery that fisherman say still has not recovered “2010” • Otter populations still troubled “2012”

  14. Future ReservesDeepwater Horizon

  15. ANWR & NPRA December 2012: National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (23M acres) interior secretary Salazar announces 50/50 leasing and preservation Estimated 900M barrels of oil (42 gallons) USA uses 19M barrels daily So the question is?

  16. Fracking – Oil & Natural Gas ND – Bracken Shale Formation 18B Barrels Oil PA & NY Marcellus Shale formation 38TCF Gas 84TCF Gas Wyoming

  17. Fracking

  18. Tar Sands Bitumen (asphalt or tar) - mixed with sand and clay.

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