Piloting the Self Sufficiency Standard in Turkey

1. Piloting the Self Sufficiency Standard in Turkey Final Report – 4 March 2018 This report is prepared for Oxfam Novib www.palglobal.org 1

2. Policy Analytics Lab (PAL) is a consultancy and think Policy Analytics Lab (PAL) is a consultancy and think- -tank that aims to inspire new thinking and innovations in policy. and innovations in policy. tank that aims to inspire new thinking Our objective is to develop high quality evidence to inform policies. We are curious to understand what has worked in each particular policy context. We aim to develop innovative policy lessons, using rigorous methods, data analytics and new digital tools. In doing this, we also engage the people, and help design services around people’s experience. We are eager to advise practitioners on what can work most effectively and help them deliver new policy solutions. We aim to provide a creative space in which policy professionals can exchange ideas, acquire new knowledge and skills for more evidence based, data-driven, digital, and user-centered policies. We actively engage national and local governments, multilaterals, private sector and civil society. Together, we identify their key problems, design innovative new policies and interventions, and test these using cutting-edge methods. PAL’s founding partners are Emin Dedeoğlu, Sefa Pamuksuz, Emre Koyuncu, Ömür Enes and Esen Çağlar At At Policy Analytics Lab, we utilize six type of different complementary lab tools. Policy Analytics Lab, we utilize six type of different complementary lab tools. 1.Data Analytics (big data, surveys, focused experiments, and exhausting conventional data) 2.Policy Research (impact evaluations, iterative research, inferential research, benchmarking and developing policy lessons) 3.Participation and Engagement of Stakeholders (Town-hall Meetings, polling conferences, search and decision conferences) 4.Capacity Building and Training (tailored programs and workshops based on client agency needs). 5.Strategic Advisory (strategic planning and roadmap development, improving governance and results, operationalization of research findings) 6.Publications and blog (reflecting on our research and what we have learnt, to contribute to policy knowledge and discussions) At At PAL PAL, we focus our work on topics organized under three main areas. , we focus our work on topics organized under three main areas. 1.Economic and Social Development: New Technologies and Industry 4.0, Productivity, Innovation and Competitiveness, Trade and Industrial Policy, Sustainable and inclusive development 2.Organizational Transformation: Good governance, strategic development, public financial management, public administration reform 3.Urban, Regional and Rural Development: Regional Development Strategy, Special Economic Zones, Urbanization and urban management 2

3. Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................ 6 Chapter 1: Poverty and Self Sufficiency in the Turkish Context ......................... 8 Approaches to measuring poverty .........................................................................................8 Novel Concepts for Understanding Poverty .......................................................................... 15 Indices of Poverty: Macro-Economic Approaches ................................................................. 16 A new approach to measuring poverty: Self-Sufficiency Standard (SSS) .................................. 19 Chapter 2: Inequality Patterns in Turkey and Implications for SSS ................. 21 Global Trends in Inequality ............................................................................................... 21 Inequality Trends in Turkey ............................................................................................... 23 Implications for SSS ......................................................................................................... 25 Chapter 3: Calculating the SSS Pillars ................................................................ 35 Pillar 1: Food ................................................................................................................... 39 National Level Expenditures .................................................................................................. 39 Regional Level Expenditures.................................................................................................. 40 Healthy Nutrition Standard .................................................................................................... 41 Pillar 2: Housing .............................................................................................................. 42 National Level Expenditures .................................................................................................. 43 Regional Level Expenditures.................................................................................................. 44 Ankara Level Expenditures .................................................................................................... 45 Pillar 3: Public Transport ................................................................................................... 57 National and Regional Level Expenditures ............................................................................. 57 Ankara Level Expenditures .................................................................................................... 60 Pillar 4: Childcare ............................................................................................................ 62 National Level Expenditures .................................................................................................. 62 Ankara Level Expenditures .................................................................................................... 65 Pillar 5: Health ................................................................................................................. 66 Chapter 4: Feasibility and Recommendations for Moving Forward ................. 72 Data availability and Methodology................................................................................. 72 Annex: A Webtool on Cost of Health Nutrition Plan .......................................... 77 References ............................................................................................................. 82 3