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Chapter 7 IT Infrastructures Business-Driven Technology

Chapter 7 IT Infrastructures Business-Driven Technology. Presentation Overview. Organizational Goals and Strategies Increase Employee Productivity Enhance Decision Making Improve Team Collaboration Create Business Partnerships and Alliances Enable Global Reach

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Chapter 7 IT Infrastructures Business-Driven Technology

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  1. Chapter 7 IT Infrastructures Business-Driven Technology Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  2. Presentation Overview • Organizational Goals and Strategies • Increase Employee Productivity • Enhance Decision Making • Improve Team Collaboration • Create Business Partnerships and Alliances • Enable Global Reach • Facilitate Organizational Transformation • IT Infrastructures and The Real World Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  3. Opening Case StudyWhat’s The Difference Between Napster and Gnutella? • Napster and Gnutella have similar products that use different IT infrastructures. • Why is it important for a company to build a solid IT infrastructure? Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  4. Introduction • IT infrastructure - includes the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment that, when combined, provide the underlying foundation to support the organization’s goals. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  5. Organizational Goals and Strategies • Increase employee productivity • Enhance decision making • Improve team collaboration • Create business partnerships and alliances • Enable global reach • Facilitate organizational transformation Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  6. Increase Employee Productivity • Client/server network • Internet • Intranets and extranets • Backup/recovery • Disaster recovery plan Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  7. Increase Employee Productivity Client/Server Network • Client/server network - a network in which one or more computers are servers and provide services to the other computers which are called clients. • Thin client - a workstation with a small amount of processing power and costs less than a full powered workstation. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  8. Increase Employee Productivity Client/Server Network Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  9. Increase Employee ProductivityInternet • Global reach - the ability to extend a company’s reach to customers anywhere there is an Internet connection, and at a much lower cost. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  10. Increase Employee Productivity Intranets and Extranets • Intranet - an internal organizational Internet that is guarded against outside access by a special security feature called a firewall (which can be software, hardware, or a combination of the two). • Extranet – is an intranet that is restricted to an organization and certain outsiders, such as customers and suppliers. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  11. Increase Employee ProductivityBackup/Recovery • Backup - the process of making a copy of the information stored on a computer. • Recovery - the process of reinstalling the backup information in the event the information was lost. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  12. Increase Employee Productivity Disaster Recovery Plan • Disaster recovery plan - a detailed process for recovering information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a fire or flood. • Hot site - a separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after the disaster and resume business. • Cold site - a separate facility that does not have any computer equipment, but is a place where the knowledge workers can move after the disaster. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  13. Increase Employee Productivity Disaster Recovery Plan • Disaster recovery cost curve – charts • The cost to your organization of the unavailability of information and technology. • The cost to your organization of recovering from a disaster over time. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  14. Increase Employee ProductivityFactors That Increase Employee Productivity • Availability - determining when your IT system will be available for knowledge workers to access. • Accessibility - determining who has the right to access different types of IT systems and information. • Reliability - ensures your IT systems are functioning correctly and providing accurate information. • Data cleansing - the process of ensuring that all information is accurate. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  15. Increase Employee ProductivityFactors That Increase Employee Productivity • Scalability – how well your system can adapt to increased demands. • Flexibility - the systems ability to change quickly. • Performance - measures how quickly an IT system performs a certain process. • Benchmark - a set of conditions used to measure how well a product or system functions. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  16. Increase Employee ProductivityFactors That Increase Employee Productivity • Capacity planning - determines the future IT infrastructure requirements for new equipment and additional network capacity. Team Work IT Components and Factors (p. 339) Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  17. On Your Own Increase Student Productivity (p. 340) Increase Employee Productivity Factors That Increase Employee Productivity Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  18. Enhance Decision Making • Integration • Enterprise application integration (EAI) • Enterprise application integration middleware (EAI middleware) • Storage devices Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  19. Enhance Decision MakingIntegration • Integration - allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other by automatically exporting data files from one system and importing them into another. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  20. Enhance Decision MakingEnterprise Application Integration (EAI) • Enterprise application integration (EAI) - the process of developing an IT infrastructure that enables employees to quickly implement new or changing business processes. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  21. Enhance Decision MakingEnterprise Application Integration Middleware • Enterprise application integration middleware (EAI Middleware) - allows organizations to develop different levels of integration from the information level to the business process level. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  22. Enhance Decision MakingStorage Devices • A storage architecture takes into account the types and sizes of devices where information is stored. • Archived information is stored on a storage server. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  23. Improve Team Collaboration • Document management system • Enterprise information portals (EIP) • Workflow systems Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  24. Improve Team CollaborationDocument Management System • Document management system - manages a document through its life cycle. • Primary functions of a document management system include: • Creation: For creating different document types. • Modification: Manages the integrity of a document as it’s edited. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  25. Improve Team CollaborationDocument Management System • Security: Controls access to a document. • Approval: Sends documents to knowledge workers for approval. • Distribution: Knowledge workers distribute documents via e-mail or the web. • Archiving: Saving documents in a storage facility. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  26. Improve Team CollaborationEnterprise Information Portals • Enterprise information portals (EIPs) - allow knowledge workers to access company information via a Web interface. • Collaborative processing enterprise information portal - provides knowledge workers with access to workgroup information such as e-mails, reports, meeting minutes, and memos. • Decision processing enterprise information portal - provides knowledge workers with corporate information for making key business decisions. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  27. Improve Team CollaborationWorkflow Systems • Workflow - defines all of the steps or business rules, from beginning to end, required for a process to run correctly. • Workflow systems - automate business processes. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  28. Improve Team CollaborationWorkflow Systems • Messaging-based workflow systems - send work assignments through an e-mail system. • Database-based workflow systems - store the document in a central location and automatically asks the knowledge workers to access the document when it’s their turn to edit the document. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  29. On Your Own Working Together As A Team (p. 345) Improve Team CollaborationWorkflow Systems Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  30. Create Business Partnerships and Alliances • Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems • Sales Force Automation (SFA) Systems • Electronic Catalog • Supply Chain Management (SCM) Systems Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  31. Create Business Partnerships and AlliancesCustomer Relationship Management Systems • Customer relationship management (CRM) systems - use information about customers to gain insights into their needs, wants, and behaviors in order to serve them better. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  32. Create Business Partnerships and Alliances Customer Relationship Management Systems • Front office systems - the primary interface to customers and sales channels, and send all of the customer information to the data warehouse. • Back office systems - used to fulfill and support customer orders, and send all of the customer information to the data warehouse. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  33. Create Business Partnerships and Alliances Customer Relationship Management Systems • A sample CRM infrastructure Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  34. Create Business Partnerships and Alliances Sales Force Automation Systems • Sales force automation (SFA) systems - automatically track all of the steps in the sales process. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  35. Create Business Partnerships and AlliancesElectronic Catalog • Electronic catalog - designed to present products to customers or partners all over the world via the Web. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  36. Create Business Partnerships and AlliancesSupply Chain Management System • Supply Chain Management (SCM) Systems - track inventory and information among business processes and across companies. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  37. Enable Global Reach • Internet Service Provider (ISP) • Application Service Provider (ASP) • Collocation Facilities • Server Farms Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  38. Enable Global Reach Internet Service Provider • Internet service provider (ISP) - a company that provides individuals, organizations, and businesses access to the Internet. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  39. Enable Global Reach Application Service Provider • Application service provider (ASP) - a company that provides an outsourcing service for businesses software applications. • Service Level Agreements (SLAs) - define the specific responsibilities of the service provider and set the customer expectations. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  40. Enable Global Reach Application Service Provider • A sample ASP infrastructure Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  41. Enable Global Reach Collocation Facilities • Collocation - a company rents space and telecommunications equipment from another company, or a collocation vendor. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  42. Enable Global Reach Server Farm • Server farm - the name of a location that stores a group of servers in a single place. • Web farm – is either a Web site that has multiple servers, or an ISP that provides Web site outsourcing services using multiple servers. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  43. Facilitate Organizational Transformation • Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Enterprise Software • Data Warehouse • Infrastructure Documentation Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  44. Facilitate Organizational Transformation ERP and Enterprise Software • Enterprise resource planning (ERP) - the method of getting and keeping an overview of every part of the business (a bird’s eye view, so to speak), so that production, development, selling, and servicing of goods and services will all be coordinated to contribute to the company’s goals and objectives. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  45. Facilitate Organizational Transformation ERP and Enterprise Software • Enterprise software - a suite of software that includes: • A set of common business applications. • Tools for modeling how the entire organization works. • Development tools for building applications unique to your organization. • Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools - software suites that automate systems development. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  46. Facilitate Organizational Transformation ERP and Enterprise Software • A sample enterprise software infrastructure Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  47. Facilitate Organizational Transformation ERP and Enterprise Software • Legacy systems - are IT systems previously built using older technologies such as mainframe computers and programming languages such as COBOL. • Business process reengineering (BPR) - the reinventing of processes within a business. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  48. Facilitate Organizational Transformation Data Warehouse • The data warehouse consolidates the ERP information along with other sources of information in order to perform and support analysis. • A data warehouse can help knowledge workers organize, understand, and analyze the information collected by the organization. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  49. Facilitate Organizational Transformation Infrastructure Documentation • One of the keys to building a solid IT infrastructure is to ensure every component is well documented and the documentation is available to all company employees. • A major issue for organizations today is the lack of system documentation. Management Information Systems for the Information Age

  50. IT Infrastructures and the Real World • Remember to ask yourself the following questions before approving the IT infrastructure designs: • How big is your department going to grow? • Will the system be able to handle additional users? • How are your customers going to grow? • How much additional information do you expect to store each year? • How long will you maintain information in the systems? • How much history do you want to keep on each customer? Management Information Systems for the Information Age

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