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Quick Check

Quick Check. What are the halogenated gases? Describe how CFCs affect the Ozone in the stratosphere. Describe some strategies for managing the pollution caused by CFCs. Learning outcomes. You should all be able to:

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Quick Check

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  1. Quick Check What are the halogenated gases? Describe how CFCs affect the Ozone in the stratosphere. Describe some strategies for managing the pollution caused by CFCs.

  2. Learning outcomes You should all be able to: • Describe the role of national and international organisations in reducing the emissions of ozone depleting substances. Most of you should be able to: • Evaluate how effective they were.

  3. Mexico’s contribution In 1974 highlighted the threat of CFCs to the ozone layer in the stratosphere. Skepticism from scientists and manufacturers persisted and an agreement on the need for action was not reached until 1976. Molina won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 as a result of his work. Mario J. Molina

  4. Role of national and international organisations Brief History: • 1978 US banned CFCs in propellants and aerosol products • 1985UNEP implemented the Vienna convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer • 1987Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer • International Conference to control these chemicals signed by 23 countries; limited production and use of CFCs • Now signed by 90 countries • By end of 2002 MEDCs reduced ODS consumption by 99% and LEDCs reduced ODS consumption by about 50% • Total phase out worldwide in 2030. • Total phase out in Europe 2000. • 1999 Most recent amendment made in Beijing.

  5. Describe and explain what you can see happening in this graph. Ozone Depleting Potential Do you think the agreements have been effective?

  6. Comment on the significance of the data in relation to MEDCs and LEDCs. Discuss the success of UNEP and other international bodies in dealing with the CFC problem. State one change in the data that the pie chart for 2010 might show. Percentage use of CFCs in 1986 by region.

  7. Australia – case study • One of the countries most concerned with the problem because it directly affects their citizens. • Obligations implemented at national level. • Stop manufacture, import, export of ODS by 2015 • Implements control measures of ODS and synthetic replacements • Participants in multilateral fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol.

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