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Cell

Cell. Procaryotic: Eucaryotic Membrane system Cytoskeleton + extracellular components. Metabolism. Catabolic reactions: breakdown Sugar----> CO2 + H2O + energy Anabolic reactions: building. Thermodynamics. Study of Energy transformations in a collection of matter

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Cell

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  1. Cell Procaryotic: Eucaryotic Membrane system Cytoskeleton + extracellular components

  2. Metabolism • Catabolic reactions: breakdown • Sugar----> CO2 + H2O + energy • Anabolic reactions: building

  3. Thermodynamics • Study of Energy transformations in a collection of matter • Light is a type of kinetic energy

  4. Thermodynamics • 1st Law: • Energy can be transferred or transformed NOT created or destroyed • 2nd Law: • Every transfer of energy: heat is lost (increase entropy)

  5. Ecosystem thermodynamics • Energy into an ecosystem as light out as heat.

  6. System stability • System will move toward stability • High energy low entropy wants to shift to low energy high entropy (more stable) • Opposite charges want to go to eachother • Complex molecules want to breakdown

  7. Free Energy • Free energy is the portion of energy that is free to do work…. Not just change temp. • Free E = potential E = potential to do work

  8. Free energy in a system • G = Free energy (potential energy) • S = entropy • T = absolute temperature in Kelvin (K) • H = system total energy • G = H - TS

  9. Systems energy • Equilibrium: change in G is 0 system performs no work. • Exergonic reaction: spontaneous: net release of energy • Cell respiration of glucose G = -686

  10. Systems energy • Endogenic reaction: requires energy input • Photosynthesis: synth. Glucose G = +686

  11. System energy • Equilibrium = no G. Cell doing no work • Disequilibrium: cell must maintain disequil. To live. • HOW? Cell is open system with surroundings.

  12. Energy coupling • Exergonic reaction drives an endergonic • ATP mediates

  13. Exergonic • Exergonic: net release of free energy. Decrease G: cell respiration - 686

  14. Endogenic • Endogenic reaction: requires the input of energy: photosynthesis • G increase • G= + 686

  15. If rxn reaches equilib. No work being done…….no good for cell • Cell respiration: no reach equilibrium because: the products of 1 reaction are reactants of the next.

  16. ATP • ATP: mediates the coupling of reactions • ATP: • sugar = ribose • Nitrogenous base: adenine • 3 phosphate groups • 7.3 Kcal/mole of energy per ATP hydrolyzed • RNA: ribose, nitrogenous base, 1 phosphate

  17. ATP • Cell does 3 kinds of work: • Mechanical: contract, move cilia, move chromosomes • Transport: pump things across membrane • Chemical work: push endergonic rxn.s

  18. ATP • ATP + H2O = ADP + inorganic Phos. (Pi) • ATP hydrolyzed to ADP • ATP hydrolyzed in beaker: makes Heat

  19. ATP • Triphosphate tails: each has – charge. All close together: like compressed spring with potential energy • Phosphorylated: the reactant that accepts the phosphate group • Coupling reactions: the phosphorylated molecule is intermediary

  20. ATP • Example: • Mechanical work: ATP phosphorylates a motor protein in cell. • Post work: ATP regenerated by cellular respiration

  21. ATP • Example: • Active transport: ATP phosphorylate membrane protein • Example: • Chemical: phosphorylate key reactants

  22. Regenerate ATP • ADP + Pi = ATP + H2O • Endergonic: requires energy

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