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Examples of Current Modulations used by TENS units to delay accommodation Name them

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Examples of Current Modulations used by TENS units to delay accommodation Name them

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    2. Evidence for the Efficacy of TENS

    3. Efficacy vs Effectiveness Efficacy: Mixed results in research have occurred due to several factors, such as waveform type, frequency, pulse rate, intensity, electrode placement, and treatment time Effectiveness: Lack of updated education in health care professionals is the main stumbling block to acceptance of the theory and practice of electrotherapy for pain control. 

    4. Acupuncture One branch of traditional Chinese Medicine Dates back to at least 2000 BC Most in the US think . . . very unusual concepts, language, & practices Labeled by Western medicine as: - unconventional - unscientific - mystical

    5. Historical Development Noticed assoc. between pain in some areas causing relief in other areas. Began trial/error process of locating & describing meridians & surface points and their association with organs & tissues. Groups of points are categorized as Meridians. The primary meridians . . . - 12 paired, 14 total - Names: P, H, T, Lu, Si, Li, B, Gb, St, Sp, L(v), K, GV, VC

    6. Philosophy Good health is balance btwn man & the natural world; balance btwn Yin & Yang; everything has a Y&Y component Yin - assoc w/ earth, coldness, dampness Yang - assoc w/ heaven, sky, warmth, dryness Balance is regulated by the flow of chi (qi); the “life energy” flowing along meridians. Imbalance disrupts flow of chi - resulting in pain or illness - stimulation of points restores balance.

    7. Neurophysiological Aspects Most points are highly conductive High concentrations of free nerve endings and sensory receptors have been are commonly found at points. Electroacupuncture causes increased levels of beta-endorphin in the CSF Some parasympathetic effects have been documented - lowered BP & stress; even fainting/hypnotic state Moderately strong relationship between trigger points, motor points & acupuncture points (location) Possible placebo effect Unknown – traditional Chinese philosophy (mysticism)

    8. Types of Stimulation Classic Acupuncture - Needling - Needling w/ manual stimulation of needle - Needling w/ electrical stimulation thru needle Physical Therapy on acupuncture pts. - Manual pressure (acupressure) - TENS on the points - Laser on the points - Ultrasound on the points

    9. Point Selection The Prescription method: certain points are for particular clinical presentations & symptoms. A Western adaptation Stimulate point in the same area as the pain / stimulate known MTPs in the area / stimulate Ah Shi points Classical method: Holistic assessment w/ detailed understanding on body, mind, lifestyle, environment, etc.. (ie. Yin & Yang)

    10. Practical Aspects What was once a “scope of practice” issue is now a fairly accepted part of practice (except for most 3rd party payers); more common in Europe; movements continue to develop toward giving ownership of the skill – licensure and legislation Primary use in PT - pain control Pain from chronic conditions or substantial pathology is likely to not respond as well; Acupuncture in PT still largely relegated to last resort status b/c of unavailability, skepticism & expense.

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