Chapter 14 The Renaissance Begins Section 1

1. Chapter 14 The Renaissance Begins Section 1 Tyrone Williams World History Period 6 Mr. Cook

2. A. The Renaissance Begins • Main Idea • Two major features of the Italian Renaissance were acceptance of non religious attitudes and the study of Greece and Roman cultures

3. A. The Renaissance in Europe • A Fresh Outlook • The Renaissance was a time of new attitudes about culture, life and learning . • People became more interested in the world around them • The rebirth of ideas that took place during the renaissance involved a renewed interest in learning for its own sake.

4. A. The Renaissance in Europe • The Renaissance begins • Italy was a natural place for the Renaissance to begin and had been the center of the ancient Roman Empire. • The ruins of that empire surrounded them inhabitants of Italy and reminded them how great it used to be. • Business and commerce also helped pave the way for the Italian empire.

5. A. The Renaissance in Europe Renaissance Figures in the Arts • An early renaissance writer, francesco Petrarca, began writing around 1337 • His love sonnets, or poems, celebrated an imaginary women named Laura, • Other important figures of the early renaissance included the painter Giotto and architect Filippo Brunelleschi.

6. A. The Renaissance in Europe • Humanism • An intellectual movement developed that focused on classic ideas, styles, and forms is called humanism. • For renaissance poets, historians, artists, and scholars, the classic written works of Greek and roman scholars were an important source of information. • The humanists studied, translated, and explained the manusrcipts

7. B. Italian renaissance Writers • Machiavelli and government • Niccolo Machiavelli spent much of his time in florrance and he held a number of positions in the government. • The positions he held allowed him to learn which positions in government worked and did not worked. • His most famous book was “he prince” and people considered the prince to be a non secular, or non religious, analysis of politics

8. The writing of castiglione • Another influential book of the renaissance was “the courtier” by baldassare castiglione. • In this manual of manners published in Venice in 1528, castiglione discusses the qualities of the ideal courtier.

9. c. Italian renaissance artists Main idea the arts, including painting, sculpture, and architecture, flourished during the renaissance.

10. c. Italian renaissance artists • Leonardo da Vinci as renaissance man • When people speak of a renaissance man, they mean someone who is highly skilled in many fields. • Da vinci is known widely as a painter who paints great master pieces. • His great masterpieces included the adoration of the magi, the last supper, and la Giaconda.

11. c. Italian renaissance artists • Painting • Two other well known painters of the Italian renaissance were michelangelo buonarrotti and raphael sanzio. • Michelangelo was very fascinated by the ancient cities art sculpture, architecture, and paintings • His first major work in Rome earned him the reputation of a master sculpture.

12. c. Italian renaissance artists • Sculpture and architecture • In middle ages, most sculptures were created primarily for the cathedrals. • During the renaissance, however, sculptors began to create free standing statues. • The influence of Greek and Rome was also noticeable in renaissance architecture Michelangelo's Sculpture of David

13. Section II: Chapter 14; The Renaissance Spreads Babii lezlye World History 6th period

14. A. The European Renaissance Spreads outside Italy • Main idea: A. During the 1500s, the renaissance spread across northern and western Europe.

15. A. The European Renaissance Spreads outside Italy • Johann Gutenberg and the Printing Press • Many factors helped spread the renaissance into northern Europe. • The invention of the printing press around 1450 by Germany's developed an efficient way of printing with movable type. • This invention allowed numerous copies of the same publication to be produce quickly and cheaply • The printing press made it possible to share the knowledge the humanists had gathered by printing and distributing multiple copies.

16. A. The European Renaissance Spreads outside Italy • The Spread of Ideas • Translation of the printed word was just one of many ways in which the ideas and values of renaissance Italy were spread throughout the rest of Europe.

17. A. The European Renaissance Spreads outside Italy • Erasmus Spreads Humanism • One of the most important figures of the renaissance in northern Europe was Desiderius Erasmus. • Erasmus was an ordained priest from Rotterdam, a city in the Netherlands.

18. A. The European Renaissance Spreads outside Italy • Francois Rabelais • You have learned that Erasmus criticized social institutions that needed reform. • Erasmus’s tone in his work, however, was mild and restrained.

19. A. The European Renaissance Spreads outside Italy • Cervantes And The First European Novel • Renaissance Spain also produced one of the greatest writers of the age. That writer was Miguel De Cervantes, known simply as servants.

20. A. The European Renaissance Spreads outside Italy • Montaigne’s Personal Essays • Another important French humanist and author was Michael de montaigne.Mantaigne’s father loved renaissance values and ideas. He is said to have spoken only Latin to his son until the boy was six years old.

21. A. The European Renaissance Spreads outside Italy • Flemish Painters • One important school of art was located in Flanders, a region of belgium.Flanders became the artist center of the northern Europe.

22. A. The European Renaissance Spreads outside Italy • Dure Invents The Woodcut • One of the greatest German painters of this time was Albrecht Dure.at a young age,Dure father discovered his son had a remarkable talent for drawing. • He apprenticed him to a local artist, where young Dure quickly mastered the technique of designing woodcut.

23. A. The European Renaissance Spreads outside Italy • Shakesspeare,Playwright and poet • During this period, a number poets and playwrights wrote books and plays that are still read and performed today. Among them was William Shakesspear,often called the greatest playwright of all time. • Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon,england in 1564.

24. Chapter 14:TheRenaissance and ReformationSection 3: The Reformation (328-333)Mr. Towns World History

25. A. Causes of the Reformation After previous calls for Church reform had failed, Martin Luther took up the challenge and began the Reformation.

26. A. Causes of the Reformation Religion, Social, and Political Factors • The Roman Catholic Church was deeply in debt by the late 1400’s. • The Church also owned huge amounts of land, and many Church officials had become used to a life of luxury. • The Church often raised money through the sale of indulgences, or a release from all or part of the punishment for committing a sin.

27. A. Causes of the Reformation The Spread of Knowledge • One of the most important factors leading to the Reformation was the invention of the printing press by Johann Gutenberg. • Gutenberg’s invention changed the way in which knowledge and opinions were communicated. • The Gutenberg Bible was one of the most celebrated products of Gutenberg’s press.

28. A. Causes of the Reformation • The Reformation began on October 31, 1517, when a young monk named Martin Luther posted 95 theses on a church door in Wittenberg, Germany. • Martin Luther had originally studied to become a lawyer but then entered a monastery to become a priest. • Luther urged his followers to read the Bible in order to find the truths of the Christian religion.

29. B. The Spread of Protestantism Calvinism • Calvinism refers to the beliefs and practices of the followers of French theologian (person who studies other people) John Calvin. • Calvinism differed from Lutheranism in its outlook toward society and the state. • The Calvinist churches were governed by elected groups of elders, or presbyteries.

30. B. The Spread of Protestantism The English Reformation • The course of the Reformation in England was different from its spread on the European continent. • England was a nation divided by religion, King Henry VIII rebelled against the Roman Catholic Church for personal reasons because he didn’t agree with them. • Although he claimed to be independent, Henry was not a drastic reformer in matters of belief.

31. C. Catholics Respond to the Reformation The Council of Trent • Pope Paul III called a meeting of Church leaders to define the official Church position on matters of policy. • The council restated supreme Papal meaning a rule authority, it also declared that salvation came from faith. • The Council of Trent also acted to end the abuses within the Church, so indulgences could no longer be sold.

32. C. Catholics Respond to the Reformation Spreading Catholicism • A few years before the first meetings of the Council of Trent, Pope Paul III took another step in the Catholic Reformation. • He gave permission to a Spanish soldier named Ignatius to found a new order. • All Jesuits were also required to take a special oath of obedience to the Pope.