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Introduction to BALAAGHA Art of Eloquence Lesson One

Introduction to BALAAGHA Art of Eloquence Lesson One. From AL-BALAAGHA AL-WAADHEHA Modifications by Sheikh Safdar Razi. Introduction.

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Introduction to BALAAGHA Art of Eloquence Lesson One

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  1. Introduction to BALAAGHA Art of EloquenceLesson One From AL-BALAAGHA AL-WAADHEHA Modifications by Sheikh Safdar Razi

  2. Introduction • BALAAGHA means eloquence, beautification of the word or the meaning, presenting it in a better artistic and poetic method or in a metaphorical or rhetorical meaning. • The Holy Qur’aan • Nahjul Balagha – Peak of Eloquence - Imam Ali (as)

  3. Qur’aan • Qur’aan challenged the Arabs with its eloquence. • The Arabs couldn’t challenge the beauty that the Qur’aan brought or its unique form and style. • Qur’aan presented an art that is unique, as it is neither poetic nor NATHER (literature/khutbah). • It was its own style.

  4. Intro to BALAAGHA • The method of BALAAGHA creates an attraction for the listener. • For example if there was a disparity in two meanings used in a metaphor, then the more disparity the meanings has, the more metaphorical beauty it possesses given that the metaphor is comprehended by the listener. • They say: The more disparity in the meaning, the sweeter it sounds. In the case of condemnation a stronger message is indicated. • Ex: He is a skunk, because he stinks. • Examples IN the lessons of BALAAGHA: Similarity in description or simile (TASHBEEH) and Metaphors (MAJAAZ).

  5. Intro to BALAAGHA - Outline • The Book is divided into three sections. • A. AL-BADEE’ - Eloquence due to beautification of the structure of the word or the structure of the meaning. • e.g. Due to the usage of the related words in the structure of the sentence. • B. AL-BAYAAN – Eloquence due to the use of words having a secondary meaning related with the original meaning, such as similes or metaphors. In this section the focus is on beauty the speech while looking at the secondary meanings and metaphors. • C. AL-MANAE’ (Abstract): Study of the meanings indicated by various types of sentences. • Whether the sentences hold the meaning of predication or appealing (requirement), expanded sentence, or summarized sentence.

  6. Index of Science of AL-BADEE’ • Beautification due to words; • AL-JINAAS - Complete and Incomplete • SAJE’ • IQTIBAAS • Beauty of the beginning and the end B. Beautification due to the meaning; • TAWREEYAH • TIBAAQ • ALMOQAABALAH • AL-LAFF WAL-NASHR • HOSN ATTA’LEEL (good justification) • Expression through exaggeration • Wise method • Emphasizing the praise with condemnation and opposite

  7. JINAAS JINAAS means similarity in the structure of two words or more with different meanings or with a disparity in the meaning. • First type Complete: Two words share four things -Two Homonyms Words (Bank and Bank) (They Rhyme) : • 1. Same Letters • 2. Same Form of the word (FATHA, DHAMMA, KASRA) except for the grammatical vowel end signs. • 3. Same Number of Letters • 4. Same Sequence (Arrangement) of Letters • Second Type: Incomplete :Only one of the conditions from the First Type can be disregarded.

  8. AL-JINAAS - Complete • Imam Jawad is Jawad – Which means that Imam Jawad is Generous. First Jawad is the name of the Imam (as), the second Jawad is descriptive adjective. • The Prophet was wearing a Sahab, and was walking under the Sahab – Sahab means cloud, and the turban of the prophet was called Sahab. The two words are the same but they have different meanings.

  9. AL-JINAAS - Complete Sura Rome : Verse 55 وَيَوْمَ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ يُقْسِمُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ مَا لَبِثُوا غَيْرَ سَاعَةٍ كَذَلِكَ كَانُوا يُؤْفَكُونَ [Shakir 30:55] And at the time when the hour shall come, the guilty shall swear (that) they did not tarry but an hour; thus are they ever turned away. • The first SAA’AT is the day of judgment and the second one is time.

  10. AL-JINAAS - Incomplete If one of the condition in a complete AL-JINAAS is deleted then it becomes an incomplete AL-JINAAS • Violation of Condition #1 : Bank and Bunk. The example of Bank and Bunk would be an incomplete AL-JINAAS (Condition missing is #1 as only one different letter is allowed meaning that the letters are no longer the same) • Violation of Condition #2 : Changing the form means to switch the letters in the vowel signs (FATHA, DHAMMA, KASRA and SUKOON) such as Masdar. E.g. of Form Change : KATABA (wrote) to KUTIBA (was written) or KUTUB (books) • Violation of Condition #3 : Bank and Banker would be an incomplete AL-JINAAS because two letters have been added. (Only a maximum of two letter can be added) • Violation of Condition #4 : Read and Dear would be an incomplete AL-JINAAS – letters are not in same sequence (KITAAB, KAATIB).

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