Download
1 / 17
E N D
Germanyofficially the Federal Republic of Germanyis a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
贝多芬Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 –1827) was a German composer and pianist. 爱因斯坦Albert Einstein， (1879 – 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. 歌德 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749 – 1832) was a German writer, pictorial artist, biologist, theoretical physicist, and polymath. 黑格尔Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel(1770 –1831) was a German philosopher, one of the creators of German Idealism. 马克思 Karl Heinrich Marx(1818 – 1883) was a German philosopher, sociologist, economic historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist who developed the socio-political theory of Marxism. 俾斯麦Otto Von Bismarck (1815 – 1898) Iron Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, was a Prussian-German statesman who unified Germany, made it a major player in world affairs, and created a balance of power that kept Europe at peace after . Historical figures名人
Berlin柏林 • Berlin - Germany's capital, is one of the world famous metropolis; and also most popular tourist attraction. Existing population of nearly 3.4 million. Berlin as Germany's leading industrial city, the main industrial sectors are electronics, machinery manufacturing, chemicals, printing, textile and food processing. Berlin is an international transport hub. April 5, 1994, Berlin and Beijing became sister cities.
Hamburg汉堡 • Hamburg - Germany's largest port city, Germany's second largest city. Hamburg population of about 1.9 million. North German region of Hamburg is the most important transport hub, Western Europe is also leading to Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, a bridge, Air, sea transport are developed. Hamburg is the world's largest trading centers and one distribution center, nearly 3,000 foreign companies, many industrial enterprises directly engaged in import and export business. Many world-famous trade group with headquarters in Hamburg. Hamburg is Germany's third largest tourist city.
Munich慕尼黑 • Munich - Germany's third largest city, Population of about 1.3 million, It is a well-known German and European tourist city, It is the most magnificent palace in the southern German cultural center, more than 800 years of history. Munich is rich in beer, drink volume in the world, so people usually referred to Munich as the "beer capital."
Frankfurt法兰克福 Frankfurt - located in the middle of Germany, Germany's commercial and manufacturing center And major international financial city. Population of about 590,000,Where financial institutions, including the German Federal Bank, the nation's major stock exchanges and the only Gold Exchange and so on. International trade accounts for an important position. Industries include machinery, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, printing, leather and food processing. Surface and air transportation is well developed. Frankfurt is Germany's major cultural center.
Germany is a federal, parliamentary, representative democratic republic. The German political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1949 constitutional document known as the Grundgesetz (Basic Law). Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both chambers of parliament; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the separation of powers, the federal structure, and the rule of law are valid in perpetuity. Head of State (President) is a figure, no real power, heads of government (prime minister) to master the really right. the presidential a term of five-year , the Prime Minister a term of four years. Current Prime Minister Angela Dorothea Merkel, is Germany's first woman prime minister. Politics政治
Germany has a network of 229 diplomatic missions abroad and maintains relations with more than 190 countries. As of 2011 it is the largest contributor to the budget of the European Union (providing 20%)and the third largest contributor to the UN (providing 8%).Germany is a member of NATO, the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the G8, the G20, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It has played a leading role in the European Union since its inception and has maintained a strong alliance with France since the end of World War II. Germany seeks to advance the creation of a more unified European political, defence, and security apparatus. The development policy of the Federal Republic of Germany is an independent area of German foreign policy. It is formulated by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and carried out by the implementing organisations. The German government sees development policy as a joint responsibility of the international community. It is the world‘s third biggest aid donor after the United States and France. Foreign relations外交
Germany has a social market economy with a highly qualified labour force, a large capital stock, a low level of corruption, and a high level of innovation. It has the largest national economy in Europe, the fourth largest by nominal GDP in the world, and the fifth largest by PPP in 2009. The service sector contributes approximately 71% of the total GDP, industry 28%, and agriculture 0.9%. The average national unemployment rate in 2010 was about 7.5%. First estimates indicate a 3.6% increase in the price-adjusted GDP for 2010, following a 4.7% drop in 2009. Germany is a founding member of the EU, the G8 and the G20, and was the world's largest exporter from 2003 to 2008. In 2009 it remained the second largest exporter and third largest importer of goods. Most of the country's exports are in engineering, especially machinery, automobiles, chemical goods and metals. Germany is a leading producer of wind turbines and solar-power technology. Annual trade fairs and congresses are held in cities throughout Germany. Germany is an advocate of closer European economic and political integration. Its commercial policies are increasingly determined by agreements among European Union (EU) members and by EU legislation. Germany introduced the common European currency, the euro, on 1 January 2002. Its monetary policy is set by the European Central Bank. Two decades after German reunification, standards of living and per capita incomes remain significantly higher in the states of the former West Germany than in the former East. The modernisation and integration of the eastern German economy is a long-term process scheduled to last until the year 2019, with annual transfers from west to east amounting to roughly $80 billion. In January 2009 the German government approved a €50 billion economic stimulus plan to protect several sectors from a downturn and a subsequent rise in unemployment rates.
Of the world's 500 largest stock-market-listed companies measured by revenue in 2010, the Fortune Global 500, 37 are headquartered in Germany. 30 Germany-based companies are included in the DAX, the German stock market index. Well-known global brands are Mercedes-Benz, BMW, SAP, Siemens, Volkswagen, Adidas, Audi, Allianz, Porsche, and Nivea. Germany is recognised for its specialised small and medium enterprises. Around 1,000 of these companies are global market leaders in their segment and are labelled hidden champions.
Primary农业 In 2008 agriculture, forestry, and mining accounted for only 0.9% of Germany’s gross domestic product (GDP) and employed only 2.4% of the population, down from 4% in 1991. Much of the reduction in employment occurred in the eastern states, where the number of agricultural workers declined by as much as 75% following reunification. However, agriculture is extremely productive, and Germany is able to cover 90% of its nutritional needs with domestic production. In fact, Germany is the third largest agricultural producer in the European Union after France and Italy. Germany’s principal agricultural products are potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, and cabbages. Despite Germany’s high level of industrialization, almost one-third of its territory is covered by forest. The forestry industry provides for about two-thirds of domestic consumption of wood and wood products, so Germany is a net importer of these items. Sectors行业
Industry工业 Industry and construction accounted for 29% of gross domestic product in 2008, and employed 29.7% of the workforce. Germany excels in the production of automobiles, machinery, electrical equipment and chemicals. With the manufacture of 5.2 million vehicles in 2009, Germany was the world’s fourth largest producer and largest exporter of automobiles. German automotive companies enjoy a extremely strong position in the so called premium segment, with a combined world market share of about 90 %. Of vital importance is the role of small- to medium-sized manufacturing firms (Mittelstandcompanies), which specialize in technologically advanced niche products and are often family-owned. It is estimated, that about 1500 German companies occupy a top three position in their respective market segment worldwide. In about two thirds of all industry sectors German companies belong to the top three competitors.
Tertiary sector服务业 In 2008 services constituted 69% of gross domestic product (GDP), and the sector employed 67.5% of the workforce. The subcomponents of services are financial, renting, and business activities (30.5%); trade, hotels and restaurants, and transport (18%); and other service activities (21.7%).
