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M usic o f I ndia

M usic o f I ndia. DAY 2. Tala Ektal : 12-beat cycle. CLAP . 2 . WAVE . 2 . CLAP . 2 . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. WAVE. 2 . CLAP . 2 . CLAP . 2 . 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Tala Tintal : 16-beat cycle. CLAP . 2 . 3. 4. CLAP . 2 . 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

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M usic o f I ndia

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  1. Music of India DAY 2

  2. TalaEktal: 12-beat cycle CLAP 2 WAVE 2 CLAP 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 WAVE 2 CLAP 2 CLAP 2 7 8 9 10 11 12

  3. TalaTintal: 16-beat cycle CLAP 2 3 4 CLAP 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 WAVE 2 3 4 CLAP 2 3 4 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

  4. Love YOU ToO Music by THE BEATLES

  5. Sitar begins with a brief introduction of the notes of the raga-like scale in unmeasured time • A background drone of Tambura and bass guitar continues throughout • The Tabla drumbeat enters, establishing a driving metrical pulse of tala-like cycles • Tambura • Sitar • Tabla

  6. Music of India AFGHANISTAN IRAN CHINA PAKISTAN NEPAL PHILIPPINES INDIA BANGLADESH SRI LANKA

  7. The Indian Flag • Saffron - for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation • White - for purity and truth • Green - for faith and fertility

  8. The wheel in navy blue indicates the Dharma Chakra, the wheel of law in the Sarnath Lion Capital. • It is a Buddhist symbol dating back to 200th century BC. It intends to show that there is life in movement and death in stagnation. • The Indian flag symbolizes freedom and was called a flag not only of freedom for ourselves, but a symbol of freedom for all people by the late Prime Minister Pandit Nehru

  9. Prime Minister Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi

  10. Hinduism • The most dominant religion in India. • Islam Buddhism Jainism Sikhism Christianism

  11. Music of India ISLAM BUDDHISM AFGHANISTAN IRAN CHINA HINDUISM PAKISTAN NEPAL INDIA PHILIPPINES SOUTH INDIA BANGLADESH SRI LANKA

  12. Two Types of Indian Music • Hindustani Music • – music of Northern India • Have foreign influences specially in their musical intruments • Islamic traditions • 2. Carnatic Music • 2. - music of Southern India • Remained pure, traditional • Most music are devotional, texts taken from the Vedas

  13. Elements of Indian Music • RAG - derived from the Sanskrit "raaga" which means "color, or passion” • A generalized form of melodic practice that prescribes set of rules for building a melody resulting in a framework that can be used to compose or improvise, allowing for endless variation within the set of notes. • The melodies of Indian music are based on ragas (in southern India, ragam). • is a list of the notes that are used in a particular piece of music just like the scales • also associated with particular moods, specific season and/or time of day • creating the raga's proper mood is one of the Indian musician's most important tasks.

  14. Indian Musical Scale • Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni • 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 • Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti

  15. Indian Musical Scale

  16. Elements of Indian Music • TALA • are organized in long rhythmic cycles called talas (in southern Indian thaalam) • there are more than 100 different talas • these rhythmic cycles are quite long and complex; the Carnatic tradition in particular includes some of the most complex and sophisticated rhythmic structures of any music tradition.

  17. TalaEktal: 12-beat cycle CLAP 2 WAVE 2 CLAP 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 WAVE 2 CLAP 2 CLAP 2 7 8 9 10 11 12

  18. TalaTintal: 16-beat cycle CLAP 2 3 4 CLAP 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 WAVE 2 3 4 CLAP 2 3 4 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

  19. DRONE • unchanging tone or group of tones against which the melody moves • Usualy the 1st and 5th

  20. Basic Structure of Hindustani Instrumental Music • 1. ALAP • Exploration of the Rag starting from the high notes gradually moving towards the low notes • Is not measured, has no rhythmic element • Once a regular pulse starts to establish itself, the composition has already reached the Jor.

  21. Basic Structure of Hindustani Instrumental Music • 2. GAT • Precomposed melody that comes in after the establishment of the Jor • composition of the Gat has to agree with the Tala that the percussion will employ

  22. Raga AhirBhairav ALAP JOR GAT Tala: Tintal

  23. Basic Traditional Instruments • Sitar It is a string instrument prominently used in Hindustani classical music. It can be played solo or in combination with other instruments.

  24. Basic Traditional Instruments Bansuri is the north Indian flute that typically has six to seven holes. It used to be associated only with folk music,but today it is found in classical Hindustani.  Venu is the south Indian flute and is used in the Carnatic system.  It typically has eight holes and is very popular in all south Indian styles. . • Bansuri / Venu

  25. Basic Traditional Instruments It consists of china bowls filled with water and struck by means of two cane sticks. Each bowl can be tuned to the desired frequency by varying the quantity of water in it. These bowls are placed in a semi - circle arrangement around the player and played. • Jaltarang

  26. Basic Traditional Instruments • Tampura A four stringed drone instrument resembling a sitar except it has no frets.  The word "tanpura“ is common in the north, but in south India it is called "tambura", "thamboora", "thambura", or "tamboora".  The tanpura is known for its very rich sound.

  27. Basic Traditional Instruments • Tabla It consists of two drums called tabla and dagga respectively. The treble drum is generally made of wood and the top is covered with a stretched skin. The tabla is about 11 inches long while the dagga is about 10 inches long.

  28. Basic Traditional Instruments • Pakhawaj It is essentially a north Indian version of the mridangam and is the most common north Indian representative of the class of barrel shaped drums known as mridang.  It was once common throughout north India, but in the last few generations tabla has usurped its position of importance.

  29. Basic Traditional Instruments It is a South Indian version of the pakhawaj and bears a strong superficial resemblance to it but there are major differences in construction and technique.  The tone of the instrument is quite different due to differences in construction. • Mridangam

  30. Instruments typically used in Hindustani music: • Sitar • Bansuri • Sarod • Tanpura • Tabla • Pakhavaj • Surbahar • Shehnai • Sarangi • Santoor • Instruments typically used in Carnatic music: • Venu • Mridangam • Ghatam • Violin • Gottuvadyam • Harmonium • Veena • Kanjira

  31. Characteristics of Indian Music 1. Does not rely on absolute pitch 2. Improvisatory 3. Uses drone 4. Lengthy 5. Finds aesthetic value in nasal sound in vocal music 6. Employs the use of microtones

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