14. 2 Energy Flow In Ecosystems Essential Question: How Do Living Things Affect One Another?

1. 7th Grade Ms. De Los Rios Populations and Communities 14. 2 Energy Flow In Ecosystems Essential Question: How Do Living Things Affect One Another? What are the Energy Roles in an Ecosystem? How Does Energy Move Through an Ecosystem? Energy Flow In Ecosystems Pgs. 482-489

2. Vocabulary • Producer – An organism that can make its own food • Consumer – An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms • Herbivore – A consumer that obtains energy by eating only plants • Carnivore – A Consumer that obtains energy by eating only animals • Omnivore – A consumer that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals • Scavenger – A carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead or decaying organisms.

3. Vocabulary • Decomposer – An organism that gets energy by breaking down wastes and dead organisms and returns raw materials to the soil and water • Food chain – A series of events in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and by being eaten • Food web – The pattern of overlapping feeding relationships or food chains among the various organisms in an ecosystem. • Energy pyramid – A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web.

4. My Planet Diary pg. 482 • I’ll Have the Fish • Scientists have noticed something fishy going on with the wolves in British Columbia, Canada. During autumn, the wolves ignore their typical food of deer and moose and feast on salmon instead. Salmon are very nutritious and lack the big horns and hoofs that can injure or kill wolves. Plus, there are plenty of fish in a small area, making them easier to find and catch. Many animals depend upon the salmon’s annual mating trip upstream. Losing this important food source to overfishing would hurt the populations of bears, wolves, birds, and many other animals. • What are two reasons the wolves may • eat fish in autumn instead of deer or moose? • __________________________________ • 2. What effect could overfishing salmon • have on an ecosystem? • ___________________________________

5. What are the Energy Roles in an Ecosystem? Pg. 483 • Just like an instrument has a role in a piece of music or a song, each organism has a role in the movement of energy through the environment. how it obtains energy • An organism’s energy role is determined: • it interacts with other organisms • Each of the organisms in an ecosystem fills the energy role of : producer, consumer, or decomposer.

6. Producers • Energy enters most ecosystems as sunlight. • An organism that can make its own food is a producer. • Plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, capture the energy of sunlight and store it as food energy. • These organisms use the sun’s energy to turn water and carbon dioxide into food molecules in a process called photosynthesis. • Producersare the source of all the food in an ecosystem. • Some producers make their own food without sunlight. • Ex. Some bacteria can make their own food using the energy in hydrogen sulfide, a gas in their environment in rocks deep beneath the ground.

7. Consumers

9. Fig. 1 Producers pg. 483 • Producers are organisms that can make their own food. • Identify: Complete the shopping list below to identify the producers that are part of your diet. • Wheat • Corn • Banana

10. Decomposers • Decomposers break down wastes and dead organisms and return the raw materials to the ecosystem. • Mushrooms and bacteria are common decomposers.

11. What Happened Here? Fig. 2 pgs. 484-485 What Happened Here? While you were hiking, some hungry animals turned your campsite upside down.

12. What Happened Here? Can you determine the order in which the organisms visited the campsite?

13. Assess Your Understanding pg. 485 • 1a. Describe: an organisms energy role is determined by how it obtains __________ and how it ____________with other organisms. • b. Explain: What is the main source of energy for all three energy roles? Why? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • I get it! Now • I know that the energy roles in an ecosystem are • __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. How Does Energy Move Through an Ecosystem pg. 486 • Energy moves through an ecosystem when one organism eats another. • A food chain is a series of events • in which one organism eats • another and obtains energy. • A food web consists of many • overlapping food chains in an • ecosystem. • Organisms may play more than one role in an ecosystem. Just as food chains overlap and connect, food webs interconnect also.

15. Food Chains pg. 486 • One way to show how energy moves in an ecosystem is with a food chain. A food chain shows a series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy.

16. Food Webs • Most consumers are a part of many food chains. Food webs are a more realistic way to show the flow of energy through an ecosystem. • Food Webs are many overlapping food chains.

17. Food Web pg. 487 • A food web consists of many interconnected • food chains. • Pick two organisms from the food web. Draw arrows connecting them to the decomposers. • How can the fox be both a second-level and third-level consumer?

18. Energy Pyramids pg. 488 • When an organism in an ecosystem eats, it obtains energy. The organism uses some of this energy to move, grow, reproduce, and carry out other life activities. These activities produce heat, a form of energy, which is then released into the environment. When heat is released, the amount of energy that is available to the next consumer is reduced. • A diagram called an energy pyramid shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web. The most energy is available at the producer level of the pyramid. As energy moves up the pyramid, each level has less energy available than the level below.

19. Energy Pyramids • .

20. Energy Pyramids • Energy Pyramids • Suppose that the producers at the base • of an energy pyramid contain 330,000 • kilocalories. How much energy would be • available at each level of the pyramid? • If mice ate all of the plants, how much energy would be available to them as first-level consumers? • If all of the mice were eaten by snakes, how much energy would the snakes receive? • If all of the snakes were eaten by the owl, how much energy would the owl receive? • About how much energy would the owl use for its life processes or lose as heat? • How much energy would be stored in the owl’s body?

21. Assess Your Understanding pg. 489 • 2a. Define: A food (web / chain) is a series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy. A food (web / chain) consists of any overlapping food (webs / chains). • b. Compare and contrast: Why is a food web a more realistic way of portraying an ecosystem than a food chain? • c. Relate Cause and Effect: Why are there usually fewer organisms at the top of an energy pyramid? • Now I know that energy moves through an ecosystem when • _______________________________________________________