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PREVALENCE OF DRUG ABUSE. 20 LAKH PEOPLE ARE REGULAR DRUG USERS IN PUNJAB ONLY 66% OF SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN ARE ABUSING GUTKA 7 OUT OF 10 COLLEGE STUDENTS HAVE ABUSED ONE OR OTHER DRUG 3 OUT OF 10 GIRLS HAVE ABUSED ONE OR OTHER DRUGS HOSTLERS MORE PRONE TO ADDICTION. MENACE OF DRUG ABUSE.
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PREVALENCE OF DRUG ABUSE • 20 LAKH PEOPLE ARE REGULAR DRUG USERS IN PUNJAB ONLY • 66% OF SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN ARE ABUSING GUTKA • 7 OUT OF 10 COLLEGE STUDENTS HAVE ABUSED ONE OR OTHER DRUG • 3 OUT OF 10 GIRLS HAVE ABUSED ONE OR OTHER DRUGS • HOSTLERS MORE PRONE TO ADDICTION
MENACE OF DRUG ABUSE • PER HEAD CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL IS HIGHEST IN PUNJAB • GOVT. OF INDIA SPENDS RS 27000 CRORE ON TOBACCO RELATED PROBLEMS WHILE EARNS RS6000 CRORE FROM TOBACCO INDUSTRY • GOVT.HAS TO SPEND RS I20 ON HEALTH PROBLEMS CAUSED BY EVERY PACK OF CIGARETTES
CAUSES OF ADDICTION • OUT OF CURIOSITY • FOR PLEASURE KICK • LACK OF PARENTAL CONTROL • TOO MUCH POCKET MONEY • PRESSURE FROM FRIENDS • TO GAIN ACCEPTANCE IN GROUP • DEFIANT GESTURE AGAINST AUTHORITY • PREY TO PPEDDLERS OF DRUGS
CAUSES • ESCAPE FROM TENSIONS EMOTIONAL FRUSTRATION HIGH EXPECTATIONS OF PARENTS ADDICT PARENTS NEGATIVE ROLE MODEL FOR CHILDREN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FRUSTRATION
POTENTIAL ADDICTS • LOW SELF ESTEEM • LACK OF AMBITION FOR FUTURE • NON PARTICIPATION IN SPORTS, EXTRA CURICULAR ACTIVITIES • INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICAL MOVEMENTS • SIBLING USE OF DRUGS,ALCOHOL • DRUG USE IN FRIENDS
Potential drug users • BROKEN FAMILIES • UNHAPPY FAMILY • NOT PRACTISING ANY RELIGION • PARENTAL USE OF CIGARETTES • EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL USE BY PARENTS • POOR ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS
RECOGNISING AN ADDICT • AVOIDING PEOPLE • SPENDING LONG HOURS IN BATHROOM • PREFER TO BE ALONE • DROPP ING OLD FRIENDS • SUDDEN NEW FRINDS CIRCLE • LOSS OF INTERST IN GAMES ,EXTRACURICULAR ACTIVITIES
KEEP EYES OPEN FOR THESE CHANGES • STEALING,BORROWING MONEY • EXCESSIVE SPENDING OF MONEY • ERRATIC BEHAVIOUR ,CONFUSED THOUGHTS • SUDDEN UNEXPLAINED TEMPER TANTRUMS • LAZINES,APATHY,IRRITABILITY • EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY
PHYSICAL CHANGES • REDNESS OF EYES • PUFFINESS UNDER EYES • SLURRING OF SPEECH • UNSTEADY GAIT • LOSS OF APPETITE • FRESH\NUMEROUS INJECTION SITES • PECULIAR SMELL FROM BREATH • SHABBILY DRESSED
MORE FACTS ABOUT ADDICTION
THREE STAGES OF ADDICTION Stage I Experimental and social use Frequency of use Occasional / usually on weekends Source of drugs / alcohol Friends / peers at parties
REASONS • Curiosity / risk taking and seeking thrill • For pleasurable feelings / relief from boredom • Peer pressure / to be sociable • To obtain social acceptance • To appear grown up / to defy parental limits
EFFECTS • Experiences euphoria and returns to normal state after using • Small amount may cause intoxication • Feelings sought - fun, excitement, thrill, belonging and control
BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS • Little noticeable change • Experiences moderate hangovers • Occasional evidence of use such as beer can or marijuana joint
Stage II - Abuse Frequency of use • Regular / several times per week • Some times during the day • Prefers to use alone Source of drug / alcohol • Friends • Buys for himself • May borrow / steal / peddle drugs to maintain supply
REASONS • To manipulate emotions – experience pleasure, cope with stress and uncomfortable feelings and to overcome feelings of inadequacy • To stay high or at least to maintain normal feelings
EFFECTS • May experience discomfort in the absence of drugs • Intoxication becomes regular • Feelings sought - pleasure, relief from negative emotions and stress reduction • May feel guilty, ashamed and afraid • Has suicidal ideation / may attempt suicide • Tries to control use but fails
BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS • Mood swings • Changes in personality • Lying and stealing • Change in friendships • Decline in work performance ……..
BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS(contd..) • Decrease in extra curricular activities • Begins adopting drug culture (clothing, hairstyle) ……..
BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS(contd..) • Conflict with family members • Becomes more rebellious • Interest focused on procuring and using drugs / alcohol
Stage III Dependency / addiction Frequency of use • Daily use / continuous Source of drugs / alcohol • Uses any means to get alcohol / drugs • May engage in criminal activities to get money for drugs
REASONS • Has no control over his behaviour • To avoid pain and depression • To escape from realities of daily living
EFFECTS • Normal state is pain and discomfort • Unlikely to experience euphoria • Experiences suicidal thoughts / may attempt suicide ……..
EFFECTS (contd..) • Guilt, shame and remorse • Repeated blackouts • Changing emotions such as depression, irritation and apathy Experiences
BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS • Physical deterioration including weight loss, health problems • Memory loss, flash back, paranoia, volatile mood swings and other psychiatric problems • Likely to dropout or get expelled from college or lose jobs ……..
BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS • Away from home most of the time • Possible overdoses • Not concerned about being caught • Focuses only on procuring and using drugs
TREATMENT CENTRE ADDICTION TREATMENT An overview
TREATMENT • ADDICTION IS AN ILLNESS • IT IS A CURABLE DISEASE • SIGN OF MORAL WEAKNESS • RECOGNITION OF PROBLEM IS HALF THE BATTLE WON • SEEKING PROFESSIONAL HELP IS • ROLE OF FAMILY IS VERY IMPORTANT
Methods • Medical and nursing care • Assessment • Supportive counseling
MEDICAL TREATMENT • DETOXIFICATION OF DRUGS UNDER MEDICAL SUPERVISION • WITHDRAWL OF ADDICTION • CONTROL OF WITHDRAWL SYMPTOMS • ENGAGING IN OTHER SOCIAL ACTIVITIES • MAKING NONAVAILIBILITY OF DRUGS
MEDICAL TREATMENT Medical care to deal with withdrawal symptoms , co-existing medical / psychiatric problems
Methods • Counseling • Involving family and significant others • Making appropriate referrals
COUNSELLING • MOTIVATING THE PATIENT FOR TREATMENT • REALISATION OF PROBLEM OF ADDICTION BY ADDICT • FAMILY PLAYS A BIG ROLE • ROLE OF SOCIAL WORKERS • RELIGIOUS GROUPS
REHABILITATION • BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY • CHANGE IN PEER GROUP • IMPROVE FAMILY ATMOSPHERE • SUPPORT,EMOTIONAL SECURITY FROM FAMILY • PSYCHOLOGICAL BUILDING UP OF ADDICT
FOLLOW-UP CARE IN ADDICTION TREATMENT
FOLLOW-UP • Essential part of case management
FREQUENCY OF FOLLOW-UP • Very regular in the initial phase of recovery - Once every 10 days for 3 months and then monthly visits until one year • Quarterly visits after 1 year for at least four more years
WHAT HAPPENS IN A FOLLOW-UP? Review about the client in the following areas • Drug free status • Health condition • Family relationships • Social relationships • Occupational status • Financial status • Leisure time activities