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Multimedia Computer Technologies

Multimedia Computer Technologies. Multimedia PC. The MPC aims to deliver a combination of high quality graphics, sound, and pictures to the home user, preferably at a reasonable price, all in a computer environment where it can be manipulated by the customer

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Multimedia Computer Technologies

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  1. Multimedia ComputerTechnologies

  2. Multimedia PC • The MPC aims • to deliver a combination of high quality graphics, sound, and pictures to the home user, • preferably at a reasonable price, all in a computer environment where it can be manipulated by the customer • MPC Level 3 Specification (1995/1996)

  3. Video and Graphics • VGA (Virtual Graphic Array) • Resolution: 720x480 pixels, 256 colors • SVGA • Resolution: 1280x1024 pixels, up to 32-bit colors • Video playback • Sent to graphic controller after decompression • 30 fps for resolution 352x240 pixels • Or 25 fps for resolution 352x288 pixels

  4. Audio • 8-bit or 16-bit samples with a sampling rate of 8, 11.025, 16, 22.05, or 44.1 KHz • Linear PCM codec • Playback or recording of 16-bit stereo • CD-ROM drive with CD-Digital Audio, Redbook (CD-DA) outputs and volume control • At least two Speakers and a subwoofer • A MIIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface) port

  5. Telephony (1) • CTI (Computer-Telephony Integration) applications

  6. Telephony (2) • Windows supports TAPI (Telephone), TSPI (Telephone Service Programming Interace), MAPI (Messaging), SAPI (Speech), MCI (Media Control Interface)

  7. Videoconferencing

  8. TV and Radio

  9. Compact Disks (1) • CD-DA: Digital Audio (1980) • Access rate: 150 Kbps, sampling rate: 44.1 KHz, storage: 682 MB • CD-ROM (1985) • To store mixed text, data, video and audio • Access rate: 150 Kbps(1X) – 24 x 150 Kbps (24X) • CD-I: Interactive (1986) • For real-time playback of multimedia and interactive games • Stores mixed text, graphics, video and audio for high-speed information retrieval • Handles synchronization among interleaved data, compressed audio, still frames and full-motion video files

  10. Compact Disks (2) • DVI: Digital Video Interactive/Initiative (1986) • Use Indevo (Intel Video) – a proprietary compression method • Non real-time compression, real-time decompression • CD-XA: Extended Architecture (1989) • Improves CD-ROM’s video and audio capability • Contains mixed test and data with audio and video (similar to CD-I) • Compliant to CD-ROM, CD-I • PhotoCD • Store max. 100 compressed photos • Uses same format as CD-XA

  11. Compact Disks (3) • Video CD (1993) • Full-motion video (MPEG-1) • Stores 74 minutes of video • CD-R: Recordable (1990) • Permits appending information to the previously recorded information • MPC Level 3 specifies that the CD-ROM must read CD-DA, CD-ROM, CD-XA, CD-I, Video CD, CD-R, Photo CD, CD Extra.

  12. Compact Disks (4) • DVD: Digital Video Disk • Larger storage space: 682MB  4.7 ~ 17 GB • Shorter pit length: 0.834  0.4 micron • Tighter track spacing: 1.6  0.74 micron • Shorter wavelength laser: 780nm  635 ~ 650 nm • Store anything a CD is capable of holding • Even MPEG-2 and Dolby AC-3

  13. USB: Universal Serial Bus • Plug-in devices without configuring • Support almost peripherals • USB 1.1: 1.5Mbps, 12Mbps • USB 2.0: 400Mbps

  14. IEEE 1394 : FireWire • Hardware and software standard for transporting data at 100/200/400/800 Mbps • Industry • Accepted as the standard digital interface by Digital VCR Consortium • Digital Video Broadcasters have endorsed IEEE 1393 as Digital TV(DTV) interface • Proposed 1394 to VESA for Digital Home Network media • EIA 4.1 subcommittee has voted for 1394 as the point-to-point interface for DTV & multipoint interface for entertainment system • ANSI has defined Serial Bus Protocol to encapsulate SCSI-3 for 1394

  15. IEEE 1394 : FireWire • Why 1394? • Digital Interface : No need to convert digital data into analog and tolerate a loss of data integrity • Physically small : Thin serial cable • Easy to use : no need for terminator, device Ids, or elaborate setup • Hot pluggable : users can add or remove 1394 devices with bus active • Inexpensive : priced for consumer products • Scaleable architecture : support daisy chaining and branching to true peer-to-peer communication • Non-proprietary : no licensing problem to use for products

  16. IEEE 1394 : Standard • 1394:1995 • Support up to 400 Mbps, 6 pin cables • 1394a : 1998 • Power management clean up • Open Host Controller Interface : 1998 • Single driver for OS • 1394b : 1999 • Speed increase to 3.2 Gbps • Support distance of 100 meters • Significantly reduces latency times by using arbitration pipelining

  17. IEEE 1394 : Usage & Growth

  18. IEEE 1394 : Protocol Stack Serial Soft API Configuration & Error Control Read, Write, Lock Transaction Layer Isochronous Channel Packets Link Layer(Cycle control, Packet Transmitter, Packet Receiver) Serial Bus Management Symbols Physical Layer(Encode/Decode, Arbitration, Media Interface) Electrical Signal & Mechanical Interface IEEE 1394 Physical Interface

  19. IEEE 1394 : Protocol Stack • PHY Layer • Physical layer provides initialization and arbitration services • Assures that only one node at a time is sending data • Electrical signaling, mechanical connectors & cabling, arbitration mechanism, serial coding & decoding, transfer speed detection • Link Layer • Gets data packets, Error detection & correction, Retransmission • Handles provision of cycle control for Isochronous channels • Supplies an acknowledged datagram to the Transaction Layer • Transaction Layer • Request-response protocol • Requires conform to • IEEE 1212, Control Status Register(CSR) architecture

  20. IEEE 1394 : Data Transfer • Asynchronous • Targeted to a specific node with an explicit address • Not guaranteed a specific amount of bandwidth on the bus • Data is sent in one direction followed by acknowledgement to the requestor • Isochronous • Broadcast in a one-to-one or one-to-many fashion • No error correction nor retransmission • Up to 80% of the available bus bandwidth can be used for Isochronous transfer • Data channels provide guaranteed data transport at a pre-determined rate • Delegation of bandwidth is tracked by a node • Especially important for time-critical multimedia data where just-in-time delivery eliminates the need for costly buffering

  21. USB 2.0 vs. IEEE 1394 • USB 2.0 is the preferred connection for most PC peripherals • 1394’s primary target : AV CE, DVD, DVCR, DTV • Both USB 2.0 & 1394 are expected to co-exist on many consumer systems in the future • USB requires a CPU to perform the bus master function while 1394 is peer-to-peer • USB throughput is not nearly as fast as advertised • When shipping data directly from a peripheral to host, OK • When shipping data from a peripheral to another peripheral, real bandwidth drops in half • All data must be moved from the peripheral to the host and then from host to the target peripheral

  22. USB 2.0 vs. IEEE 1394 • USB 2.0 hubs are more complicated • Require entire USB 1.1 HOST controller and a new USB 2.0 hub controller • Require high-speed signal repeater, routing logic, dual function port • 1394 is for device where the high performance is a priority and price is not • USB is for device where price is priority and high performance is not

  23. Multimedia Processor • Intel MMX technology • Uses single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) architecture to process multiple data bits simultaneously • 1.5 times faster for MPEG-1 video decoding

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