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Space and Atmospheric Research at Australian Antarctic Division

Explore the latest research in space and atmospheric sciences conducted by the Australian Antarctic Division, focusing on cosmic rays, neutron monitoring, and space weather prediction.

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Space and Atmospheric Research at Australian Antarctic Division

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  1. Australian AntarcticDivision Space Science Research Marc Duldig

  2. Space and Atmospheric Sciences • Emphasis has shifted away from Space • Concentration is Atmosphere and Climate • Still operate Digisonde at Davis • Ray Morris will discuss this in Hobart • Still operate Cosmic Ray facilities • Mawson, Kingston and Liapootah • Cosmic Ray International Networks • Surface Muon telescope networks • Underground Muon telescope networks • Space Ship Earth neutron monitor network • Still provide infrastructure & support for Universities

  3. Incident Primary Particle N n o p p P + - - p p P + p - p g g N + - + - a g n n g - - p + - + - n n + g N p + + g m - m g - - - + + + p N g n - - m + - n + + + + m - - + g + p - - n - + - - + - - n + - <5x1010 eV >1012 eV 109 - 1012 eV Atmospheric Cascade Process

  4. Mawson Cosmic Ray Lab

  5. Surface Muon Telescopes • Global network viewing CMEs • Currently in operation • Mawson, Kingston, Nagoya, San Martino (to be enhanced) • Funded • Griefswald, Kuwait • Searching for loss cone anisotropies • Presently uneven cover but some useful results • With newly funded instruments global coverage

  6. Griefswald Surface Muon Telescopes (2)

  7. Precursor to SSC

  8. Underground muon telescopes • Mawson, Liapootah, Matsushiro • Main areas of interest are: • Solar cycle modulation • Anisotropies • Density gradients in the inner heliosphere • Sidereal anisotropies – local galactic interactions • Forbush decreases associated with • CME Shock passage • Fast solar wind stream shocks

  9. Space Ship Earth Network • Participating agencies • Lead - Bartol Research Institute, Uni of Delaware • IZMIRAN, Russia • AAD, Australia • Global neutron monitor network • Equally spaced equatorial viewing directions • N and S polar views • Real time near earth radiation environment measurement (1 or 5 minute resolution)

  10. The IQSY Neutron Monitor (NM64) Polyethylene Lead Anode B10 + n1à Li7 + He4 5032 Directionality lost but Geomagnetic field orders arrival

  11. Space Ship Earth

  12. Research Aims of SSE • Study space weather storm arrival • Link storm effects to cosmic ray anisotropy • During events • Precursor signatures • Study relativistic solar proton events • Analysis of Ground Level Enhancements • If possible develop warning protocols and issue warnings

  13. Annual Latitude Survey • In conjunction with Bartol • Operate a Uni of Tas/AAD built mobile neutron monitor housed in a standard shipping container • Use USCG Ice Breakers Polar Sea and Polar Star • Return Seattle - McMurdo each Austral summer • Determine the cosmic ray spectrum variation throughout the solar cycle • Determine the changed atmospheric response with changing spectrum • Determine the Geomagnetic cutoff effects

  14. GLE Modelling • In conjunction with • Peg Shea and Don Smart (formerly AFRL) • Uni of Bern • Continue development of leading GLE arrival model • Spectrum, pitch angle distribution, arrival direction • Deduce IMF transport effects • Input to source acceleration mechanism knowledge (flare, shock, stochastic etc)

  15. Flight Radiation Exposure • Radiation dosage rates in aircraft • In situ measurements • Comparison with CARI, EPCARD • Develop capacity to account for transients • Forbush decreases • Geomagnetic cutoff variations • GLEs

  16. Forbush decrease and GLEs Data from Space Ship Earth

  17. LAX - JFK QF107 29th Oct 2003 Route 2 Initial cruising altitude 37,000ft giving a mean 3 Micro Sieverts/hr. 19

  18. Cutoff rigidity for 29 Oct 2003 flight

  19. LAX - JFK QF107 11th Jan 2004 Route 2 Same profile as closely as allowed by air traffic control on quiet day. Initial cruise at 37,000ft shows a higher background CR level commencing at 3.5 Micro Sv/hr increasing to 3.9 Micro Sv/hr with latitude increase. 21

  20. Cutoff rigidity for quiet flight

  21. Flight Radiation Exposure (2) • Cutoff calculations • Attempt grid computing solution • Produce DVD of cutoff values • Include Kp, Dst, date & time (≤ hour resolution) • 1 x 1 degree resolution plus all monitor sites • Influence legislators and industry • Duty of care responsibility • Pre-emptive management planning • AAD jet flight to Casey, Antarctica @ 51k ft

  22. Thank You

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