Tactical Improvements to IT Security Virtual Keyboard, Two Factor Authentication, Active Confirmation and FAA Access t

1. Tactical Improvements to IT Security Virtual Keyboard, Two Factor Authentication, Active Confirmation and FAA Access to CPS Online Ganesh Reddy

2. Tactical Improvements to IT Security Quick fixes and high impact improvements that can be implemented in a short timeframe to enhance the IT security • Virtual Keyboard • Implement technologies appropriate for Federal Student Aid that evade potential "key logging" • Two-Factor Authentication (T-FA) • Implement Two-Factor Authentication solution for privileged users to access National Student Loan Data System (NSLDS) from internet • Active Confirmation • Assess current state of access controls for partners and deploy an “active confirmation” process • FAA Access to CPS Online Login • Enhance current state of access to limit use of Personal Identifying Information (PII)

3. Virtual Keyboard

4. Keylogging – Virtual Keyboard Keylogging (Keystroke logging) is a method of capturing and recording user keystrokes. Some of the common technologies used to evade keylogging include: • Anti-spyware • Monitoring what programs are running • Firewall • Network Monitors • Automatic form filler programs • Alternative keyboard layouts • One-time passwords • Smartcards • Virtual keyboards Virtual keyboards are provided on the application login page and do not require end users acquire additional software

5. Keylogging – Virtual Keyboard

6. Keylogging – Virtual Keyboard

7. Virtual Keyboard at Federal Student Aid

8. Federal Student Aid Virtual Keyboard Features Virtual keyboards are provided on the Security Architecture (SA) login page and do not require end users acquire additional software. Some of the features of Federal Student Aid Virtual Keyboard include: • Highly effective in evading “Key Logging” • Widely used by many financial institutions • Least expensive technology to deploy (even for 50 million users) • Does not require any new hardware or software on client machines • Does not require any changes to the applications • Available to all applications that use SA • Works in conjunction with the existing keyboard • Usage is optional but can be made mandatory based on security policy • Keys can entered by mouse click or by leaving mouse on the key for 2 seconds • Virtual keyboard randomly shifts on the screen • Supports multiple keyboard layouts (US and Dvork)

9. Two-Factor Authentication

10. T-FA Implementation Objectives Federal Student Aid is implementing Two-Factor Authentication (T-FA) for privileged users to access Federal Student Aid systems from the internet to enhance the security of its information systems

11. What is Two-Factor Authentication? Two-Factor Authentication (T-FA) uses two pieces of information and processes (two different methods) to authenticate a person's identity for security purposes. Authentication factors are generally classified into three categories: • Something the user has • ID card, security token, software token, phone, or cell phone • Something the user knows • password, pass phrase, or personal identification number • Something the user is • fingerprint or retinal pattern, voice recognition, or another biometric identifier Two-Factor Authentication requires the use of solutions from two of the three categories of factors.

12. T-FA Technologies Some of the common technologies used as the second factor authentication in concert with User ID and Password include: • Hardware Tokens - generate a constantly changing one-time password to enable authentication. • Software Tokens on PCs - enable authentication with computer as second factor authenticator. • Software Tokens on Mobile Devices - allow authentication from smart phones and PDAs. • Smart Cards - enable authentication as well as of physical access. • USB Tokens - enable authentication without the need to key in a token code (can be plugged into a standard USB port). • Biometric Devices - enable authentication according to the physical characteristics of a user (fingerprint and retina scans).

13. Federal Student Aid T-FA Features Two-Factor Authentication solution features: • Reliable, scalable, available, and meets sub-second performance standards • Compatible and interoperable with Federal Student Aid Standards • Integrates seamlessly with existing Federal Student Aid architectures • Supports web applications and does not require client-side software • Compliant with NIST, FIPS and other federal T-FA standards • Has ongoing operations and maintenance product support • Based on mature technology with a broad installed market base

14. Active Confirmation

15. What is Active Confirmation? • Active confirmation is the process of a Designated Point Administrator (DPA) reviewing users' access privileges on a establish time schedule and confirming these users' privileges. This will help ensure an updated and secure environment for system accessibility. • The Federal Student Aid DPAs will be required to review their list of users who access Federal Student Aid systems and confirm that each individual continues to be a valid user. This will be done on a periodic basis.

16. “Active Confirmation” Process The DPA Roster • Placed in all “Primary” TG Number mailboxes • Provided a list of employees that currently possess TG numbers • Requires validation or deletion of TG Numbers assigned to your organization in the SAIG Enrollment Web site The FAA Roster • Placed in mailboxes of Primary TG Numbers of organizations • Provided a list of employees at your organization who are currently enrolled for access to FAA Access to CPS Online services • Requires validation or deletion of FAA Users assigned to your organization in the SAIG Enrollment Web site

17. FAA Access to CPS Online

18. FAA Access to CPS Online Login Enhance current state of access to limit use of Personal Identifying Information (PII) • New FAA Access to CPS Online Login • First Time Registration • Self Service Password Reset • Implementation Schedule

19. Current FSA Web Enroll Site Login Currently: Enter SSN and DOB on the login page to access the Student Aid Internet WebEnroll Site

20. Current FAA Access to CPS Online Login Currently: Enter SSN, first 2 letters of last name, DOB, and PIN on the FAA Access to CPS Online login page to access the application

21. New FAA Access to CPS Online Login FAA Access to CPS Online Registration link can be accessed from the FAA Access Login page

22. FSA SA Registration – Confirm Identity Confirm your identity by entering the FSA provided Unique Identifier

23. SA Registration - E-mail Address Confirm or update your current Email address Your name retrieved from SAIG Participation Management System cannot be updated

24. SA Registration - Select a Password Select a password and choose any three Challenge Response Questions and provide answers These questions will be used to reset your password

25. SA Registration – Confirm Role Confirm the Role retrieved from SAIG Participation Management enrollment system

26. SA Registration - Confirmation Confirm the registration information

27. SA Registration - Acknowledgement System confirms successful Registration You will receive your User ID in the email

28. Forgot Password If you forget your password, the “Forgot Password” link can be used to reset your password. This link is located on the Login Page.

29. Forgot Password Provide your User ID to retrieve your challenge questions

30. Answer Challenge Question You will be prompted to answer one of the Challenge Response Questions to confirm your identity

31. Enter New Password Provide a new password - this will replace your old password

32. New Password Confirmation Your password has been changed

33. FAA Access to CPS Online Login fafsa.ed.gov/FOTWWebApp/faa/faa.jsp Enter User ID and password on the FAA Access to CPS Online Login page to access the application

34. Password Policies • Password Policy • Expires every 90 days • Complex alpha-numeric passwords • Answer challenge questions to reset password • Password Lockout • 3 unsuccessful login attempts • Can still use “Forgot Password” application • Login disabled for 30 minutes

35. Questions?

36. Contact Information We appreciate your feedback and comments. We can be reached at: • james.mcmahon@ed.gov • ganesh.reddy@ed.gov