Protista and Fungi

1. Protista and Fungi

2. Recall that protists are any organisms that is eukaryotic that isn’t a plant, animal, or fungi Common examples are: ciliates, radiolarians, algae, etc Protists

3. There are 3 major divisions of protists 1. Animal like: Protozoans 2. Plant like: Unicellular Algae 3. Fungus like: Slime molds and water molds 3 broad divisions

4. Are heterotrophic, some are parasitic Common examples are Amoebasand Parameciums Protozoans

5. Usually contain chlorophyll and run photosynthesis Red, Brown, and Green algae and phytoplankton are good examples Unicellar Algae

6. Are heterotrophic and absorb nutrients from decaying organisms, but no chitin Fungus Like (slime and water molds)

7. Fungi

8. Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls made of chitin Do not run on photosynthesis Digest decaying organic matter on the outside of their bodies, then absorb it Fungi aren’t plants

9. Multicellular fungi are composed of thin filaments called hyphae Structure of Fungi

10. The bodies of fungi are composed of many hyphae tangled together into a thick mass called mycelium The Fruiting Body is the reproductive structure of a fungi that grows from the mycelium

11. Most fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually Asexual reproduction occurs when cells or hyphae break off from a fungus and begin to grow on their own, or by releasing spores Sexual happens when 2 fungi meet and exchange materials to generate a spore that share DNA Fungi Reproduction

13. There are 4 divisions of fungi 1. Common Molds 2. Sac Fungi 3. Club Fungi 4. Imperfect Fungi Classifications of Fungi

14. Are called zygomycota because they have a life cycle that includes a zygospore A Zygospore is a resting spore that contains zygotes formed during the sexual phase of the mold’s life cycle Common molds

15. Are called Ascomycota because they form an ascus (a reproductive structure that contains pores) Yeasts are considered a sac fungi Sac Fungi

16. Are called basidiomycota because they form a specialized reproductive structure called a basidium Club Fungi

17. Are called Deuteromycota and scientists haven’t been able to observe a reproductive phase in their life cycle The mold Penicilliumnatatum is a common one that we make the antiobiotic penicillin from Imperfect Fungi

18. Most are saprobes, this means they feed on dead organisms Some are parasitic A few feed by capturing animals All fungi are heterotrophs

19. Fungi play and essential role in maintaining balance in every ecosystem by recycling organic matter found in dead organisms Fungi are the great decomposers

20. Cause serious plant and animals diseases Parasitic fungi Wheat Rust Athletes Foot

21. Lichens • Lichens are not a single organisms. They are symbiotic associations between a fungus and photosynthetic cyanobacteria or green algae • Algae or cyanobacteria provide energy to the fungus from photosynthesis • Fungus provides the algae or bacteria with water and minerals that it collects and protects them from harsh sunlight Symbiotic relationships in fungi

22. Mycorrhizae is when a fungus associates with plant roots aiding the plant in absorption of water and minerals and in return the plant gives energy from photosynthesis to the fungus More than 80% of plants have mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae associations