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Understanding ATP: Energy Release, Hydrolysis, and the Role of Enzymes

This chapter explains the significance of ATP in energy transfer within cells. ATP’s bonds are broken through hydrolysis, releasing energy in an exergonic reaction that transforms ATP into ADP. This process is crucial in cellular respiration, where glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water, accompanied by caloric losses. The chapter highlights how ATP generates heat during muscle contraction and discusses the function of enzymes as catalysts that accelerate metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers. Enzymes are vital, as they prevent the need for exceedingly high temperatures to drive essential reactions.

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Understanding ATP: Energy Release, Hydrolysis, and the Role of Enzymes

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  1. Ch 8 ATP and Energy Dr. Laurie Solis

  2. ATP • ATP’s bonds are broken through hydrolysis • This releases energy • ATP  ADP • This reaction is exergonic: reactions that occur spontaneously and result in a loss of energy • Example: Cellular respiration (C6H12O6+6O26CO2+ 6H2O • Another way to look at the above equation is through the caloric loss of calories: DG= -686 kcal

  3. ATP • The process of ATP being broken down simply through hydrolysis is: • ATP + H2O  ADP + (P) • Another way to look at it in terms of loss of calories is: DG= -7.3kcal • All three of the phosphate groups in ATP are negatively charged, which is why when hydrolysis occurs, a lot of energy is released. *(P) = Inorganic Phosphate

  4. ATP and Work • When ATP is in a test tube, it heats up the surrounding water. • This is because it is releasing free energy into the water

  5. ATP and Work • When you shiver from the cold, shivering is using ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction to generate heat and warm the body

  6. Enzymes • Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers • Enzymes are Catalysts – they make things happen

  7. Enzymes • Let’s assume for a moment, the world did not have enzymes… • How would DNA bases break their bonds? • Molecules would have to become hot on their own • Reach a high temperature to break the bonds

  8. Enzymes

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