Presentation Transcript

1. Monday, October 8th WYMK: Why did Union strikes that turned violent discredit the Union. What was the difference between the Knights of Labor and AFL. WYMK: 1. Which President was known as the “trustbuster”?
2. FACTORY WORKER ACTIVITYShirt body makersCollar makersButton SewersCuff makersPocket makers
3. Working Conditions in Factories Noisy Crowded No safety standards Not well ventilated Hot summers Cold winters Up to 14 hours a day
4. Women in the Workplace By 1900 women are 18% of the employed 1/3 are domestic servants 1/3 service industry (teacher/nurse/clerk) 1/3 in factories (mostly food or textile industry)
5. Women in Factories Tightly controlled Required to be unmarried Lower wages Lived at or near the factories in dorms
6. Child Labor No regulations Few public schools Cotton fields, factories and coal mines People of color Immigrants Paid less than women
7. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire 1911 New York City Locked doors 800 trapped 146 women died Female labor, bad working conditions, immigrant rights, shop floor laws
8. Deaths from Fire
9. Roosevelt was extremely progressive He ordered the justice system to use the Sherman Anti-Trust act, which wasn’t used to this point in history, to break up trusts Roosevelt went after the Northern Securities Company, a railroad monopoly in the northwest, and broke it apart. Roosevelt was a trustbuster is someone that wanted to break up big corporations. Trustbuster
10. The octopus has often been used in political cartoons as a symbol of some enormously powerful institution or leader out to do harm. Identify the name of the corporation portrayed in the cartoon and the man who owned and developed it. Discuss whether the actions of industrialists were more beneficial to the United States than they were harmful? Include examples and details to support your answer.
11. TUESDAY WARMUP
12. The Progressive Movement Many Americans cried for reform. The people claimed government and big business were taking advantage of them, rather than serving them.
13. Muckrakers Journalists helped reformers by exposing corruption Muckrakers wrote about problems that were hidden and exposed them They “Raked the Muck” or cleaned up the dirt and corruption in the world.
14. Progressive Journalism Corruption and social injustice Raise the consciousness of America Morality, democracy, Christianity Muckrakers
15. Ida Wells Ida B. Wells was the editor of an African American newspaper in Memphis, Tennessee. She was forced out of town when she released the names of white members involved in a lynching.
16. Ida Tarbell Ida Minerva Tarbell – was an American teacher, wrote many notable magazine series and biographies. She is best known for her 1904 book The History of the Standard Oil Company, which was listed as No. 5 in a 1999 list by the New York Times She described the unfair practices of the oil trust
17. Upton Sinclair Sinclair was a muckraker who wrote a book about the meatpacking industry Sinclair wanted to show the public how the workers were mistreated
18. Sinclair Instead, he uncovered disgusting truths including, meat falling on the ground, rats and other rodents being grounded into the meat, and mislabeling the products. Congress responded by passing the Meat Inspection Act in 1906, along with the Pure Food and Drug Act, banning the sale of harmful food
19. The Jungle Written by Upton Sinclair in 1906 After two months of observations in meat packing facilities Wrote to draw attention to the conditions which workers faced Instead, spurred a movement that created laws to make food more sanitary
20. There were the men in the pickle-rooms, for instance, where old Antanas had gotten his death; scarce a one of these that had not some spot of horror on his person. Let a man so much as scrape his finger pushing a truck in the pickle-rooms, and he might have a sore that would put him out of the world; all the joints in his fingers might be eaten by the acid, one by one. Of the butchers and floorsmen, the beef-boners and trimmers, and all those who used knives, you could scarcely find a person who had the use of his thumb; time and time again the base of it had been slashed, till it was a mere lump of flesh against which the man pressed the knife to hold it. The hands of these men would be criss-crossed with cuts, until you could no longer pretend to count them or to trace them. They would have no nails,—they had worn them off pulling hides; their knuckles were swollen so that their fingers spread out like a fan. There were men who worked in the cooking-rooms, in the midst of steam and sickening odors, by artificial light; in these rooms the germs of tuberculosis might live for two years, but the supply was renewed every hour. There were the beef-luggers, who carried two-hundred-pound quarters into the refrigerator-cars; a fearful kind of work, that began at four o’clock in the morning, and that wore out the most powerful men in a few years. There were those who worked in the chilling-rooms, and whose special disease was rheumatism; the time-limit that a man could work in the chilling-rooms was said to be five years.
21. There were the woolpluckers, whose hands went to pieces even sooner than the hands of the pickle-men; for the pelts of the sheep had to be painted with acid to loosen the wool, and then the pluckers had to pull out this wool with their bare hands, till the acid had eaten their fingers off. There were those who made the tins for the canned-meat; and their hands, too, were a maze of cuts, and each cut represented a chance for blood-poisoning. Some worked at the stamping-machines, and it was very seldom that one could work long there at the pace that was set, and not give out and forget himself, and have a part of his hand chopped off. There were the “hoisters,” as they were called, whose task it was to press the lever which lifted the dead cattle off the floor. They ran along upon a rafter, peering down through the damp and the steam; and as old Durham’s architects had not built the killing-room for the convenience of the hoisters, at every few feet they would have to stoop under a beam, say four feet above the one they ran on; which got them into the habit of stooping, so that in a few years they would be walking like chimpanzees. Worst of any, however, were the fertilizer-men, and those who served in the cooking-rooms. These people could not be shown to the visitor,—for the odor of a fertilizer-man would scare any ordinary visitor at a hundred yards, and as for the other men, who worked in tank-rooms full of steam, and in some of which there were open vats near the level of the floor, their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting,—sometimes they would be overlooked for days, till all but the bones of them had gone out to the world as Durham’s Pure Leaf Lard!
22. Jacob Riis, Photographer Police photographer Published “How the other half lives”
23. Wednesday, October 10th WU: 1. If you were a muckraker today, what would you write about. Why would you want to raise awareness on this topic? WYMK: 1. What was the influence of Political Machines. How did they get people to support them?
24. Struggle for Equal Opportunity Booker T. Washington was born into slavery, learned to read, and founded the Tuskegee Institute He believed of African Americans had more economic power (money), they would be in a better position to demand equality He set up schools to give African American education, which led to industrial jobs. School first/rights second
25. W.E.B Dubois Born in MA Believed that industrial jobs would only “keep the black man poor” Believed that African Americans had to push forward for equal rights and achieve education along the way for better jobs. Rights first/School Second
26. Women’s Rights Lady Elizabeth Stanton held the first womens’ rights convention 1848 Seneca Falls NY Fought for equal rights for women with African Americans Carrie Catt was president of National American Woman Suffrage Association and achieved the right to vote in 1920
27. Reform Legislation 1906: Pure Food and Drug Act 1913: 16th Amendment (Taxes) 1913: 17th Amendment (Senators) 1913: Harrison Act regulated narcotics 1918: 18th Amendment (Prohibition) 1920: 19th Amendment (Women’s voting)
28. Mob Mentality Corrupt politicians found numerous ways to make money. They received Kickbacks. Sometimes contractors would overcharge for a project and give the extra money to the political boss EXAMPLE: At times people in city governments would gain knowledge of land to be used for highways, buy the land before the public knew about it, and sell it back to receive a higher profit.
29. Thursday, October 11th WU: 1. Watch the Brainpop Quiz. We will complete the questions on the Quiz on the bottom of pg.51
30. Political Machines Political Machines were powerful organizations linked to political parties. These groups controlled local government in many cities. These groups were controlled by a Political Boss. They gained votes for their parties by doing favors for people. They would offer turkey dinners and summer boat rides, and offer jobs to immigrants in return for votes. Many political bosses were dishonest
31. Boss Tweed Boss Tweed headed New York City’s political machine in the 1860’s and 1870’s. Tweed was so powerful he controlled the police, courts, and some newspapers. He collected millions of dollars in illegal payments. Political Cartoonist Thomas Nast exposed Tweed’s operations in his newspaper, Harpers Weekly. Tweed was sentenced to prison