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Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Structure and Naming. Alkenes. Alkenes contain at least one c – c double bond . They are unsaturated . That is, they have fewer than the maximum number of hydrogens . Structure of Alkenes.

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Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Hydrocarbons

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  1. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Hydrocarbons Structure and Naming

  2. Alkenes • Alkenes contain at least one c–c double bond. • They are unsaturated. • That is, they have fewer than the maximum number of hydrogens.

  3. Structure of Alkenes • Unlike alkanes, alkenes cannot rotate freely about the double bond. • The side-to-side overlap in the -bond makes this impossible without breaking the -bond.

  4. Structure of Alkenes This creates geometric isomers, which differ from each other in the spatial arrangement of groups about the double bond. cis means "on the same side” trans means "on the other side" or "across"

  5. Properties of Alkenes Structure also affects the physical properties of alkenes…. notice the changes in boiling point.

  6. Nomenclature of Alkenes • The chain is numbered so the double bond gets the smallest possible number. • cis-Alkenes have the carbons in the chain on the same side of the molecule. • trans-Alkenes have the carbons in the chain on opposite sides of the molecule.

  7. Alkynes • Alkynes contain at least one c–c triple bond. • The carbons in the triple bond are sp-hybridized and have a linear geometry. • They are also unsaturated.

  8. Nomenclature of Alkynes 4-methyl-2-pentyne • The method for naming alkynes is analogous to the naming of alkenes. • However, the suffix is -ynerather than -ene.

  9. And now ….for ChemistNate • Let’s watch this!

  10. Aromatic Hydrocarbons • Aromatic hydrocarbons are cyclic hydrocarbons.

  11. Aromatic Nomenclature Many aromatic hydrocarbons are known by their common names.

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