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Lecture 26

Lecture 26. updates. Evidence for an Evolving Universe Made in a Hot Big Bang. Galaxy redshifts  expansion, which started ~14 Byr ago Age measurements  nothing older than 12-15 Byr Distant galaxies appear younger  contents are aging

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Lecture 26

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  1. Lecture 26 updates

  2. Evidence for an Evolving Universe Made in a Hot Big Bang Galaxy redshifts expansion, which started ~14 Byr ago Age measurements  nothing older than 12-15 Byr Distant galaxies appear younger  contents are aging CMB is uniform and thermal  hot smooth early phase CMB is patchy  yields patterns of galaxies 25% helium  made in Hot Big Bang itself

  3. 3H02 8G crit = Omegas de = 0.73 dm = 0.23 at = 0.04 rad = 5.010-5 nu = 3.410-5 tot = 1.00 Primary Cosmological Parameters Hubble’s constant: today’s expansion rate H0 = 22 km/s/Mly = 5.8 mH/m3 Constituent densities (units of mH/m3) de = 4.2 dark energy dm = 1.6 dark matter at = 0.25 atomic matter rad = 0.00029 photons nu = 0.00017 neutrinos tot = 5.8 total density

  4. Initial roughness spectrum 200 Mly Amplitude Slope: n A Amplitude: A Small Large Size Primary Cosmological Parameters The Roughness Spectrum Today’s roughness spectrum Amplitude Large Small Size

  5. Primary Cosmological Parameters Dark energy expansion parameter: w Measured value: w≈ 1

  6. Secondary Cosmological Parameters

  7. H0 = 22 km/s/Mly The Five Key Datasets 1. Distances to Nearby Galaxies 30,000 20,000 Velocity (km/s) 10,000 0 400 200 300 0 100 Distance (Mpc)

  8. The Five Key Datasets 2. Distances to Remote Galaxies using Supernovae remote galaxy supernova

  9. m = 0 de = 0 m = 1 de= 0 Supernova data m = 8 de = 0 m = 0.3 de= 0.7 Supernova data give S(t) S(t) depends on: de and m Scale Factor: S 1 Now 0 10 10 Time (Byr)

  10. WMAP Satellite Uniform microwave sky The Five key datasets 3. The Microwave Background Two images present

  11. Frequency (GHz) 300 450 150 1.0 Brightness 0.5 0.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 0.5 Wavelength (mm) The Five key datasets 3. The Microwave Background Thermal Spectrum TCMB = 2.725 K  rad

  12. Slight Patchiness The Five key datasets 3. The Microwave Background Two images present

  13. CMB Sound Spectrum fundamental harmonics instruments . data model Patch size (degrees) Patch Strength (Loudness) Small Patches Big Patches Curly “ell” Frequency ( l )

  14. Sound Spectrum Sensitivity instruments . data model Patch size (degrees) tot at Patch Strength (Loudness) m Small Patches Big Patches Curly “ell” Frequency ( l )

  15. Effect of Changing Atomic Fraction at = 0.1 10% atomic matter Amplitude small scale large scale Angular Frequency l at = 0.01 1% atomic matter

  16. Fitting the Sound Spectrum m = 0.27 de = 0.73 10 m = 0.27 de = 0.0 3 Amplitude 1 10 1000 100 Angular Frequency l

  17. 1 Bly Real galaxy maps 2 Bly 2 Bly Millennium simulation 1 Bly

  18. m = 0.30 Baryon Oscillations Galaxy roughness spectrum 10 m = 0.42 1 m = 0.14 Roughness Amplitude 0.1 0.01 1 Large Scale 0.1 0.01 Small Scale Scale of Roughness

  19. The Five Key Datasets 5: Abundances of the Light Elements Deuterium Helium-3 Helium-4 Lithium-7

  20. 0.001 0.01 1 0.1 at = 0.04 Omega-atomic (today) 1.0 He-4 10-2 D He-3 10-4 Fraction by mass 10-6 10-8 Li-7 10-10 100 1 10 Proton + Neutron Density (gm/m3 at 3 minutes)

  21. Combining datasets 2 Supernovae Combined Data 1 CMB Omega-dark energy 0 Clusters 1 2 3 0 1 Omega-matter

  22. CMB sound spectrum Amplitude Frequency at = 0.04 Matter roughness Roughness Large Scale/Size Small

  23. 20 15 Age of Universe (Byr) 10 5 0 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 Total Density tot

  24. Ruled out by WMAP First Year Allowed

  25. Ruled out by WMAP First Year Allowed Ruled out by WMAP 3 Years

  26. Ruled out by WMAP First Year Allowed Ruled out by WMAP 3 Years Ruled out by Redshift Surveys

  27. Ruled out by WMAP First Year Allowed Ruled out by WMAP 3 Years Ruled out by Redshift Surveys Ruled out by Stellar ages

  28. Concordance Parameters

  29. End of Lecture text

  30. Supernova data give S(t) m = 0 de = 0 S(t) curves depend on de and mat m = 1 de= 0 m = 0.3 de= 0.7 Label y-axis with scale factor m = 8 de = 0 Need version of this diagram

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