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Present, Imperfect and Perfect Tenses

Present, Imperfect and Perfect Tenses. English has a present tense and a past tense. Present Tense. She praises her mother. She is praising her mother. She does praise her mother. Past Tense. She praised her mother. She was praising her mother. She did praise her mother.

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Present, Imperfect and Perfect Tenses

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  1. Present, Imperfect and Perfect Tenses

  2. English has a present tense and a past tense.

  3. Present Tense She praises her mother. She is praising her mother. She does praise her mother.

  4. Past Tense She praised her mother. She was praising her mother. She did praise her mother.

  5. Latin is better. Latin has a present tense and TWO Past Tenses

  6. Present Tense matrem laudat. She praises her mother. She is praising her mother. She does praise her mother.

  7. Imperfect Tense matrem laudabat. She praised her mother. She was praising her mother. She used to praise her mother.

  8. Perfect Tense matrem laudavit. She praised her mother. She did praise her mother. She has praised her mother.

  9. matrem laudabat. – Imperfect Tense She praised her mother. matrem laudavit. – Perfect Tense She praised her mother.

  10. What’s going on here? laudabat means “she praised”? laudavit means “she praised”? NON INTELLEGO.

  11. The imperfect tense is used for continuing or repeated action in the past. The perfect tense is for single events completed in the past. See the difference?

  12. Oh, I get it now! matrem laudabat cotidie. matrem laudavit heri. Cicero multos libros scribebat. Cicero fratri litteras scripsit.

  13. BENE! OPTIME! bonus discipulus es.

  14. Present Tense present stem personal ending

  15. Personal Endings of Verbs • the last part of a verb form identifies the subject • three persons • two numbers

  16. Personal Endings of Verbs 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd sing. sing. sing plural plural plural I you he, she, it we you all they -o/m -s -t -mus -tis -nt

  17. Present Tense 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd sing. sing. sing plural plural plural laud lauda lauda lauda lauda lauda o s t mus tis nt

  18. Imperfect Tense present stem tense sign -BA- personal ending

  19. Imperfect Tense 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd sing. sing. sing plural plural plural lauda lauda lauda lauda lauda lauda m s t mus tis nt ba ba ba ba ba ba

  20. Perfect Tense perfect stem perfect personal ending

  21. How can I find the Perfect Stem? from the 3rd principal part

  22. 1st principal part laudo This is the present tense. “I praise”

  23. 2nd principal part laudare This is the present infinitive. “to praise” present stem + re

  24. 3rd principal part laudavi This is the perfect tense. “I praised” perfect stem + personal ending

  25. Perfect Tense Personal Endings 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd sing. sing. sing plural plural plural I you he, she, it we you all they -i -isti -it -imus -istis -erunt

  26. Perfect Tense 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd sing. sing. sing plural plural plural laudav laudav laudav laudav laudav laudav i isti it imus istis erunt

  27. porto, portare, portavi portat portabat portavit present imperfect perfect

  28. ambulo, ambulare, ambulavi ambulat ambulabat ambulavit present imperfect perfect

  29. dico, dicere, dixi dicit dicebat dixit present imperfect perfect

  30. rego, regere, rexi regit regebat rexit present imperfect perfect

  31. mitto, mittere, misi mittit mittebat misit present imperfect perfect

  32. scribo, scribere, scripsi scribit scribebat scripsit present imperfect perfect

  33. moneo, monere, monui monet monebat monuit present imperfect perfect

  34. FINIS

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