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Introduction to Phylogeny

Introduction to Phylogeny. With some review of taxonomy…. Taxonomy is…. Taxonomy is…. The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships. Classification is…. Classification is.

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Introduction to Phylogeny

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  1. Introduction to Phylogeny With some review of taxonomy…

  2. Taxonomy is….

  3. Taxonomy is…. • The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships.

  4. Classification is…

  5. Classification is • The systematic grouping of organisms into categories on the basis of evolutionary or structural relationships between them

  6. Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Protista Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria Concept Map Section 18-3 Living Things are characterized by Important characteristics which place them in and differing Domain Eukarya Cell wall structures such as which is subdivided into which place them in which coincides with which coincides with

  7. Review of the Domains and Kingdoms Section 18-3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Streptococcus, Escherichia coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Methanogens, halophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Fungi Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Eukarya Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts Multicellular Autotroph Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Animalia Eukaryote No cell walls or chloroplasts Multicellular Heterotroph Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals

  8. This Diagram shows how the organisms in the different Domains and Kingdoms are related Section 18-3 DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN EUKARYA Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia DOMAIN BACTERIA

  9. Phylogeny is… • The genealogical history of organisms, both living and extinct, Representing the historical pattern of relationships among organisms which has resulted from the actions of many different evolutionary processes. • Basically how organisms are related based on how they evolved.

  10. Phylogeny is displayed with a Cladogram Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia

  11. Cladogram • A branching, treelike diagram • endpoints of the branches represent specific species of organisms. • Used to illustrate phylogenetic relationships • show points at which various species have diverged from common ancestral forms.

  12. Traditional Classification Versus Cladogram Cladogram Section 18-2 Appendages Conical Shells Crustaceans Gastropod Crab Crab Limpet Limpet Barnacle Barnacle Molted exoskeleton Segmentation Tiny free-swimming larva CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VISIBLE SIMILARITIES CLADOGRAM

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