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Developing Effective Countermeasures in Food Defense Plans: Lessons from the 2001 FMD Outbreak

This guide outlines critical steps to develop a food defense plan, drawing insights from the 2001 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in the UK. The outbreak resulted in culling 6 million animals and losses exceeding $11.7 billion, prompting a complete ban on British cattle, pigs, and sheep sales. The guide emphasizes the importance of countermeasures such as enhanced facility security, careful visitor management, and effective marketing protocols to minimize vulnerabilities and protect against intentional contamination.

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Developing Effective Countermeasures in Food Defense Plans: Lessons from the 2001 FMD Outbreak

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  1. Step two in developing a food defense plan Developing Countermeasures to Minimize Vulnerabilities

  2. Case Study: “Open Mouth Insert Foot” • Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) • Spring 2001 outbreak in UK • Complete ban on sale of British cattle, pigs and sheep • Controlled by fall 2001, restrictions on livestock movement until 2002

  3. Case Study: “Open Mouth Insert Foot” • 2,030 cases, 6 million animals culled • Losses of $11.7 billion • Delayed an election

  4. Countermeasures • Countermeasures are actions taken to reduce the risk of intentional contamination in vulnerable areas.

  5. Areas to Consider for Countermeasure Development • Procedures • Facility • Technology • Personnel

  6. Countermeasures for Facility • Protect: • Personnel • Product • Property

  7. Light It! • Lights • Dusk to Dawn lighting available through most electric coops • Motion sensor lighting • Visibility • Neighborhood Watch • Vegetation trimmed for visibility • Driveway alarm

  8. Lock It! • Lock Gates • Lock Buildings • Doors • Windows • Lock Well Head • Lock Supply Areas • Feed bins • Vet supplies • Chemicals

  9. Fences Road Frontage Limit gates Signage Buildings Entrances Visitor Log Limit Access!

  10. Countermeasures for Visitors and Customers • Public – Restrict entry to facility, check identification, visitors sign log, supervise visitors

  11. Countermeasures for Marketing • Principles: Check and Challenge • Livestock Sales • Check the contract and negotiate liability

  12. Countermeasures for Marketing • Product Sales • Check security with market management • Challenge • Add layers to packaging • Tamper resistant packaging

  13. Countermeasures for Shipping and Receiving • Incoming supplies, delivery procedures, storage, shipping of products, mail procedures, computer access etc.

  14. Countermeasures for Workforce • Pre-employment screening, employee supervision, scheduling, identification, access, security training

  15. SCAN - an Easy Training Tool • See • Challenge • Ask • Notify

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