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Numerical Characterization of Gas Flow in Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Vacuum Reactor: a Comparative Study of Lattice Boltzmann Models Dongqing Pan*(dpan@uwm.edu); Chris Yuan. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. ALD Introduction. Objectives.
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Numerical Characterization of Gas Flow in Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Vacuum Reactor: a Comparative Study of Lattice Boltzmann Models Dongqing Pan*(dpan@uwm.edu); Chris Yuan. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee ALD Introduction Objectives ALD Experimental System ALDchallenges • Low material utilization efficiency; • High energy consumption; • Nano-wastes and emissions. • Ultimate objectives: • Mathematical modeling and experimental investigations of ALD process emissions. • Thermodynamic flows and energy modeling of ALD nano-manufacturing system. • Sustainable scale-up of ALD nanotechnology for industrial productions. • Objective of this stage: • Mathematical modeling the material flow in ALD manufacturing processes to identify the flow pattern and potential environmental emissions from ALD system.
Methodology & Implementation Two-dimensional geometry of ALD vacuum reactor CFD models comparison • Lattice Boltzmann Model: Collision step: Streaming step: • LBM features: • A mesoscopic method without holding continuum hypothesis; • Easier to implement numerically; • Suitable for the parallel computing and high performance computing; • Accurate flow modeling.
Results & conclusions Computational efficiency: D2Q9 vs. TRT for incompressible flow simulations. Verification of LBM-TRT model Financial support from National Science Foundation (CMMI-1200940) is greatly acknowledged. Acknowledgement Conclusions • The carrier gas flows in the Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) process is firstly modeled numerically using two LatticeBoltzmann Models: TRT and LBGK-D2Q9; • TRT performs better in terms of stability and reliability, especially when considering the compressible effects in the domain, while LBGK-D2Q9 is excellent in computational efficiency. • The results generated from LBM-TRT simulation present good agreement with the two continuum-based approaches. Dimensionless velocity magnitude contour plots by D2Q9. From (a), (b) to (c): relaxation factor=1.95,1.97, 1.99. Dimensionless velocity magnitude contour plots by TRT. From (a), (b) to (c): relaxation factor=1.95,1.97, 1.99.