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The Endocrine System

Explore the vital role of the endocrine system in regulating physiological processes through glands like pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and reproductive organs. Discover how hormones impact emotions, metabolism, and more.

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The Endocrine System

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  1. The Endocrine System September 29, 2010

  2. What is the Endocrine System? • Definitions • Organs of the body that consist of glands and secrete hormones into the blood system • Hormones: chemicals produced naturally by the body that regulate physiological processes • Produced by multiple glands: pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, etc. • Affect/control aggression, sexual drives, learning & memory, etc

  3. Pituitary Gland • The bodies “Master Gland” • Size of a pea • Connect to Hypothalamus • Neurotransmitters sent from Hypo activate the Pituitary • Pituitary than activates the other glands to secrete hormones • Hormones produced • HGH • Prolactin: mothers milk • Oxytocin: labor induction

  4. Thyroid Gland • Hormones produced • Thyroxin • Regulates metabolism • Too much • Hyperthyroidism • Emaciation (weight loss), ADHD, insomnia, others • Too little • Hypothyrodism • Obesity (overweight), cretinism (stunted growth), mental retardation

  5. Adrenal Glands • Hormones produced • ANS – involuntary • Adrenaline & Noradrenalin • Adrenaline – sympathetic • Noradrenalin – parasymp. • Intensifies emotions • Fear, anxiety, happiness, etc • Cortisol • Regulates sugar release • Affects muscle production • Impacted by stress • Too much – weight gain

  6. Reproductive Glands: Testes • Hormone produced • Testosterone • Muscle & bone development • Male secondary sex charact. • Steroids • Builds muscle mass • Increases energy • Reduces stress • Inhibits natural testosterone • Heart & liver damage • Sleep disorders

  7. Reproductive Glands: Ovaries • Hormones produced • Estrogen & Progesterone • Female sec. sex charact. • Regulates menstruation • Too little • Infertility (implantation) • Depression • Weight gain (water) • Too much • Irregular menstruation • “Light period” • Sedation (drowsiness) • Weight loss

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