1 / 23

Chapter 16

Chapter 16. Eastern Mediterranean. Eastern Mediterranean . Not much in common with rest of Mediterranean Few good ports Scarce water Almost no natural resources Strategic location Been on world stage Touches 3 continents- Europe, Africa, Asia Sources of Trouble Oil Religion. I. Turkey.

oki
Download Presentation

Chapter 16

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 16 Eastern Mediterranean

  2. Eastern Mediterranean • Not much in common with rest of Mediterranean • Few good ports • Scarce water • Almost no natural resources • Strategic location • Been on world stage • Touches 3 continents- Europe, Africa, Asia • Sources of Trouble • Oil • Religion

  3. I. Turkey • Part European and part Middle Eastern • Location forms a “chokepoint”- controlling goods and movement of people • Often called Asia Minor- both size and role in history • Bordered on 3 sides by water- Black Sea, Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea

  4. Turkey • Slightly larger than Texas • Home to Mount Ararat- Biblical site • Climate is temperate- hot and dry in summer, mild and wet in winter • In 1923, Western ways were implemented – alphabet, women voting, calendar, etc. • Great hope is its proximity to Europe, applied to be part of EU

  5. Turkey • Thrace • European portion of Turkey • Center of last Greek Empire • Corner on the Balkan Peninsula • Includes Istanbul – largest city in Middle East, heartbeat of Turkey, used to be Byzantium then Constantinople • Water passage btw Thrace and Asia Minor includes important straits– Bosporus and Dardanelles

  6. Turkey • Anatolia • Asian section of Turkey • Historic cities; Troy, Troas, empire of the Hittites, seven churches from Revelation 1-3 (Ephesus, Sardis, Philadelphia, Laodicea, Pergamos, Thyatira, Smyrna) pg. 407 • Pontic Mountains run across the North • Home to the Ottoman Empire- Ottoman Turks conquered the Seljuk Turks, the took over Constantinople… at the height of the Empire: got all the way to and were defeated in Vienna • Capital is Ankara- pop. Close to 4 million

  7. Turkey • Taurus Mountains cross Southern Turkey • Narrow coastal plain in the South, good for agriculture, known as the “Turquoise Coast” • Kurds • Turkey’s largest minority group • Live in SE area, Herd sheep in the mountains • Many want independence, Communist group in 1984 started rebellion that killed 20,000, many want to unite with Iraqi Kurds

  8. II. Cyprus • Not much bigger than Connecticut • 3rd largest island in the Mediterranean (Sicily and Sardinia) • Two forested mountain ranges cross from East to West, Mesaoria Plain lies btw them, capital of Nicosia located on plain • Typical Mediterranean climate- grow grapefruit, lemons, oranges, grapes and olives • Heavily dependent on tourism

  9. Cyprus • History • Greeks, Persians, Romans, Byzantines, Franks and Venetians have occupied the island • Under Ottoman control from 1571 to 1878, Britain took over, still has military bases on the island • Today • 78% of population is Greek (Greek Orthodox), 18% are Turks (Muslim), 4% Christians and Jews • Greeks want to reunite with Greece, Few Turks want to partition (divide) the island into 2 countries • Potential for war ever present– right now the south (Greeks) are part of the EU and the north (Turks) is not

  10. III. The Mandate of Syria • Land southwest of Turkey: called Levant and Fertile Crescent • Belonged to Turkey until WWI, then France and Britain took over territory—called Mandates • Syria: French mandate (became Syria and Lebanon) • Palestine: Britain mandate (Israel and Jordan)

  11. Syria • Covered mainly by Syrian Desert • 90% Arab population, 90% Muslim • Claims to be republic, but since 1963 only 2 rulers- Father and son • Capital and largest city: Damascus • Claims to be the oldest continuously inhabited city

  12. Lebanon • Ancient city: Tyre- built on an island, capital of Phoenicia • Modern capital: Beirut • Largest population of Christians of any Middle Eastern country • Major religious warfare started in 1975, Israel and Syria moved in and Beirut, once beautiful, became a pile of rubble • Foreign influence in 1983, today peace still unsure

  13. IV. Mandate of Palestine • Belonged to Britain until 1948 • Now countries of Jordan and Israel • Jews and Christians refer to the area as the Holy Land • 3 major issues in the Middle East • Oil, Islam, Israel • Israel is the most volatile issue—only non-Muslim country in the area

  14. Israel • Largest city and Capital: Jerusalem • Second largest city: Tel Aviv • In the south, Negev produces abundant crops although a desert • Galilee refers to the far north, includes the Sea of Galilee

  15. Israel • Masada • Near the Dead Sea • Means “fortress or stronghold” • Site of Jewish Zealots last stand for freedom against the Romans • Pg. 418

  16. Israel • Historical Background • Promised Land • God gave the land to the Israelites, modern state of Israel testifies to the Jews wanting to reclaim their land • Zionist Movement • Jews moving into Palestine, building farms, against odds won independence in 1948– became Israel • Revived Hebrew language, every citizen must serve in the military for 2 years (women) or 3 years (men)

  17. Palestinians • Descendants of Ishmael • Want to wipe Israel off the map • Coastal strip won by Israel in the Six Day war: Gaza Strip • Eventually gave back to the Palestinians

  18. Valley of Jezreel • Mentioned in the Bible as a prominent place • Many Bible scholars interpret this valley to be the site of the Battle of Armageddon (Rev. 16) • Napoleon described it as the perfect battleground

  19. Jordan • Consists mainly of uninhabited desert • No oil, little arable land, many work away from the country and send money home • Amman is the capital • Petra- 130 foot high tombs carved into the cliffs • Dead Sea- lies between Israel and Jordan pg424 • Saltiest water in the world • Lowest elevation on earth

  20. Mount Hermon • Nazareth • Bethlehem

More Related