1 / 14

Path-Mapping Theory and Model in Computational Cognitive Science

This study presents a computational model that integrates mapping and analogy in cognition, predicting low-level behavior in real-world tasks. The model explores organizational knowledge in analogy and offers insights into emergent behavior. Illustrative models capture various phenomena, from similarity effects to order effects. The study discusses issues such as processes in analogy and the role of ACT-R in supporting the theory. Available for further study on the ACT-R home page.

ohenderson
Download Presentation

Path-Mapping Theory and Model in Computational Cognitive Science

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. An ACT-R Model of Analogical Mapping Dario D. Salvucci, John R. Anderson Carnegie Mellon University Supported in part by a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship awarded to Dario Salvucci and Office of Naval Research grant N00014-96-1-0491 awarded to John Anderson.

  2. big, complex learning mechanisms big defense spending, big hair Life Imitates ACT? ACT & Analogy The World early 80’s late 80’s • mechanisms unite into learning by analogy • Berlin Wall falls, Germany unites early 90’s • analogy mechanism prospers under siege • Clinton prospersunder siege late 90’s • new view of analogy as a production system • new stadiums, new Beetle, new Love Boat !!

  3. The Saga Continues... • Path-mapping theory and model • posits that mapping/analogy… • is a problem-solving skill like any other • is not an architectural primitive • domain: analogical mapping • extends and generalizes description in ACT’98 • Components • representation • path mapping • organization

  4. ss-revolves ss-revolver ss-center revolves revolver planet revolves center sun ss-planet ss-sun Role Representation • Objects and relations • Roles comprising: • parent • parent-type • slot • child-type • child • ACT-R roles: ss-revolver isa role parent ss-revolves parent-type revolves slot revolver child-type planet child ss-planet ss-center isa role parent ss-revolves parent-type revolves slot center child-type sun child ss-sun

  5. Path Mapping • Production system • input: source object, optional source / target roles • output: analogous target object • 8 productions • Features • maps arbitrarily-large structures quickly • allows interplay between role and object/relation similarity • tends to enforce structural consistency

  6. ss-causes at-causes at-revolver ss-effect at-center ss-center at-effect ss-revolver . . . . . . causes effect revolves revolves revolver electron revolves center nucleus revolves revolver planet revolves center sun causes effect revolves ss-revolves at-revolves ss-planet ss-sun at-electron at-nucleus Path Mapping (cont.) Source Target

  7. Path Mapping • Production system • input: source object, optional source / target roles • output: analogous target object • 8 productions • Features • maps arbitrarily-large structures quickly • allows interplay among parent-type, slot, andchild-type • tends to enforce structural consistency

  8. Organization • Describes how a model manages single mappings • Procedural/declarative knowledge specific to task • higher-level analogical skills • maintaining consistent mappings • constraining one-to-one mappings • task-specific and general skills • encoding analogs, generating responses, etc. • Models for two analogical tasks… • use the same representation and productions • may differ greatly in their organizational knowledge • Knowledge included depends on grain size

  9. Illustrative Models • Six illustrative models • path-mapping representation and productions • minimal organizational knowledge • 2 estimated parameter values • Capture many important phenomena, including... • similarity effects (Ross, 1987, 1989) • pragmatic effects (Spellman & Holyoak, 1996) • order effects (Keane et al., 1994) • non-isomorphic mappings (Spellman & Holyoak, 1996) • large analogs (Falkenhainer et al., 1986) • Predict behavior at level of real-world measures • Available from the ACT-R home page

  10. Cond Data Model Ross (1987, 1989) R=.93 +/+ .60 .63 +/– .42 .33 0/+ .54 .60 0/– .39 .38 0/0 .48 .55 Probability-Problem Model

  11. Spellman & Holyoak, 1996 R=.98 Soap-Opera Model

  12. Keane et al., 1994 R=.97 Attribute-Mapping Model

  13. Story-Mapping Model • Task • read 2 storieswith 3 relations • map objects inone story toobjects in theother story • Model • uses path-mapping representation and productions • includes knowledge for encoding, responding, etc. • predicts task time, correctness, gaze durations, gaze transitions, and keystrokes

  14. Conclusions • Path-mapping model... • integrates mapping/analogy with general cognition • predicts low-level behavior for real-world measures • exhibits interesting emergent behavior • Issues • other processes involved in analogy? • similarity and partial matching? • ACT-R and the path-mapping theory • ACT-R constrains theory, helps to explain origins of many common phenomena • theory constrains ACT-R, helps to specify common representations and skills

More Related