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WWI on the Home Front

WWI on the Home Front. Mr. Chojnacki US History II. Building the Military. Selective Service: Required all men between 21 and 30 to register for the draft Lottery would determine the order men would have to appear before local draft board 2.8 Million Americans were drafted.

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WWI on the Home Front

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  1. WWI on the Home Front Mr. Chojnacki US History II

  2. Building the Military • Selective Service: Required all men between 21 and 30 to register for the draft • Lottery would determine the order men would have to appear before local draft board • 2.8 Million Americans were drafted

  3. Volunteers for War • 2 Million more men volunteered for Military Service • Felt there was a duty to defend democracy • Heard stories of German atrocities • Saw the war as and adventure

  4. Women in the Military • Served in Clerical Positions • Secretaries, radio operators, pharmacists • Army Nursing Corps: Only women sent overseas during the war

  5. Industry Supports the War • War Industries Board (WIB): Coordinated the production of War Materials • Told manufactures what and how much to produce • Controlled prices of materials • Constructed new factories

  6. Food Administration • Job was to increase food production while reducing civilian consumption • Instead of Rationing food, govt. just asked people to use less • Heatless & Wheatless Mondays • Meatless Tuesdays • Porkless Thursdays • No using Grains to Produce Alcohol

  7. Victory Gardens • Government told people to grow their own food in small gardens at home

  8. Restrictions on Coal and Oil • Shortened the workweek for factories that did not produce materials for the war • Introduced Daylight Savings Time to save electricity

  9. Paying for the War • Congress raised the Income Tax, but it wasn’t enough • Decided to borrow the money from the American people through Liberty Bonds and Victory Bonds • Raised 20 Billion dollars through Bonds

  10. Mobilizing the Workforce • National War Labor Board (NWLB): prevented strikes during the war • Won workers the 8 Hour Workday and the Right to Unionize • In return, Unions would not strike • Women filled many industrial jobs left by soldiers

  11. The Great Migration • War opened new doors for African Americans • Many left the south to take vacated factory jobs in the North • Altered the racial makeup of cities (NY, Chicago, and Detroit) • Led to Race Riots in some cities

  12. Questionable Changes on the Home Front Suppressing Dissent & Creating Violence

  13. Ensuring Public Support • Government felt it was necessary to shape public opinion of the war • Without popular support, war effort would fail • Government took many legal and illegal actions

  14. Committee on Public Information • “Sold” the war to the American people • Headed by George Creel • Hired authors, writers, entertainers, and movie companies to create propaganda • Paid “Four Minute Men” to make short pro-war speeches in public

  15. Lost Civil Liberties • Espionage Act: Set prison terms for people who aided enemy or were “disloyal” • Sedition Act: Made it illegal to publicly express opposition to the war • Could not criticize the President or Government • Eugene Debs jailed 3 years for speaking against war

  16. Schenk v. U.S. • Schenk told people to burn their draft cards and protest the war • He was arrested and thrown in jail • Supreme Court upheld his conviction because his actions were a “Clear and Present Danger” to the United States • Restricting speech during war was legal

  17. Mistreatment of German-Americans • Fear of spies led to persecution of German-Americans • Schools stopped teaching German • Orchestra’s couldn’t play Beethoven • Companies re-named German food: • Sauerkraut = “Liberty Cabbage” • Hamburger = “Salisbury Steak”

  18. Violence Against Dissenters • People beat and Lynched German born immigrants • Mobs attacked socialists and pacifists • Papers urged people to spy on their neighbors • “Boy Spies of America” were created to seek out anti-war individuals

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