1 / 27

Comparing the Human and Chimpanzee Genomes: More Different than Expected

Explore the profound differences between the human and chimpanzee genomes and the challenges of explaining these differences within the paradigm of common ancestry. Discover how design by a single Creator provides a better explanation for both similarities and differences.

odellt
Download Presentation

Comparing the Human and Chimpanzee Genomes: More Different than Expected

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. You are free to use this presentation for your own personal study, or for lectures in a classroom setting. Feel free to modify and improve it for classroom use in any way that you see fit. I ask that it not be redistributed in whole or in part for any purpose without my written permission. If you would like to use it for some other purpose, or wish to share it using any media please contact me at: tstandish@llu.edu Thank you for respecting my wishes with this.

  2. Comparing the Human and Chimpanzee Genomes:More Different than Expected Timothy G. Standish

  3. When is Creation Sabbath? 26 October 2019 creationsabbath.net

  4. And the Lord God formed יָצַרman of the dustof the ground אֲדָמָה, and breathed into his nostrils the breath נְשָׁמָהof life חַי; and man became a living being. Genesis 2:7 NKJV L'Éternel Dieu form יָצַרl'homme de la poussière de la terreאֲדָמָה, ilsouffladanssesnarines un souffleנְשָׁמָהde vieחַי et l'hommedevint un être vivant. Genèse 2:7 LSG

  5. Out of the ground אֲדָמָהthe Lord God formed יָצַרevery beast of the field and every bird of the air, and brought them to Adam … Genesis 2:19 NKJV L'Éternel Dieu forma יָצַרde la terreאֲדָמָהtous les animaux des champs et tous les oiseaux du ciel, et il les fit venirversl'homme, pour voir comment il les appellerait, et afin que tout être vivant portât le nom que luidonneraitl'homme. Genèse 2:19 LSG

  6. נְשָׁמָה And they went into the ark to Noah, two by two, of all flesh in which is the breathרוּחof life חַי. Genesis 7:15 NKJV Genesis 2:19 Ilsentrèrentdansl'archeauprès de Noé, deuxàdeux, de toute chair ayantsouffleרוּחde vieחַי. Genèse 2:19 LSG

  7. Nucleus A T CG T A GC Cell AT C G GC DNA TA

  8. A T A T CG CG T A T A GC GC AT AT C G C G GC GC TA TA A chimpanzee A human

  9. The Argument • Darwinists have claimed that DNA sequences from humans and chimps are only 1 % different • Therefore, chimpanzees and humans share a common ancestor from which we inherited our slightly different DNA • I will argue that: • Differences between the human and chimpanzee genomes are profound • Explaining data within the paradigm of common ancestry is problematic • Design by by a single Creator better explains both similarities and differences between these genomes

  10. Lots of Numbers • Humans and Chimpanzees are: • 99.4 % identical – Wildman et al. 2003 • 98.77 % identical – Fujiyama et al. 2000 • 98 % identical – Marks 2002 • 96 % identical - Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium 2005 • 95 % identical - Britten 2002 • 86 % identical – Tompkins 2016

  11. A Few Facts • The human genome is ≈ 2,900,000,000 nucleotides long • The chimpanzee genome is ≈ 3,100,000,000 nucleotides • The chimpanzee genome is consistently estimated to be about 6 – 7 % larger than the human genome

  12. A Few Facts • Three human and chimpanzee chromosomes – 4, 9, and 12 – appear to have been “remodeled” • The Y (male) chromosomes of both species differ in size and sequence and human Y chromosomes are closer to gorilla Y chromosomes • The ends, telomeres, of human chromosomes are shorter, (10 kb) than other apes (23 kb) • Subtelomeric sequences are different • Recombination hotspots are different

  13. Some More Numbers • The genes in the human genome are: • About 88% the same as rats • About 60% the same as chickens • About 80% in the same class as sea-squirt’s genes • Human proteins are: • Only 29 % identical (quite possibly less) to chimpanzee proteins

  14. Differences • What matters when it comes to differences in DNA sequences is the same thing that matters with any other sequence encoding information… • … how different the information is, not how different the sequence is

  15. Small or big difference? I love my ants. I love my aunts. I love my aunts.

  16. Profound differences

  17. Percent and Absolute Numbers • Small percentage differences represent very large numerical differences • If the human and chimp genomes are only 1 % different, which they are not, 1 % of 3 billion nucleotide genomes is 30 million

  18. We identified ~17,000 fixed human-specific structural variants… Kronenberg et al. 2018

  19. Orphan Genes • Orphan genes are genes that are unique to specific organisms, thus not inherited from ancestors shared with other organisms • The human genome appears to have hundreds of orphan genes

  20. A Human Orphan Gene:CTA-373H7.7 GGGGGAGGCTGGCTGAGGCAGTGACGTCCGTGGGAACAGAGAGCCAGAGATGCATTCCTG GCCGGCCTGAGCATCTGCGGGAACCCTGTGAGCCCCTGAGGTTCACTTCTTGCTCCCCAC TTCTCTCTCCTGCAAACTCCGAGCCCGGGGTAAAGCTGCTTCCCCTCCCCACACCCCTTT TCAACCCGACAACTAACGCCCTCTAGCTTCCGGGAATGGGACGGATCTTTCCCAAGGACT TCCGGTCACGGCCCCACGTCTACTTACGGTGGGGGAAACCGGCCTCTCTCGGCTCCAGAG AGGGGAGACGGCTCTCTAGCTGACTTCCTGTGTGGGAAAGAGTCCTCTCACTGACTTCCG GTGTCAGAAATGTCCCTCTTTCCGGCCTTCAAATATGAGAAATGTTTCTCTGGCCGACTT CCTGTGTACTAAATACTCCACTCAGTGGTTTTTAGCGTAGGAAAGACCCGCTTCATTGAC TTCCGGTGTAAGAAAGGCTCCGCTTTCTGACTTCCGGTGTGGGACACGCCCCTCTGCTAA TTTCCGGTGAGGGGCACGCCCCCTCCTGCCTTCCTCGTGGGATACGCCCCCCTCGTGACT TCCTGTGCAGGACAGCTTCTATCCCCGTCACTTAACAATGGAGAGGATTCTTCCCCAGCT TCCTTCCAGAGGACACAAAAGCTCAGAGCTCCACAGTCTAGAGTCTAGACCAACAGGCCT CCACACTCACGTCCCAGAGATTTCCCTGGTCCCACCTACTCCCAGTGGCAACCAGACTTC TGCACATAGGAGAGATGTCATACTCAGAGTCCAGCCTCCCACATCCACAGGACCACCTCT TCCTCCTCTGAGTCTTGTTAATAGGGCCATCCCCTGCCTTAGACCTGGCCCAGTGGACTC TGATCTTACAGCCAATATGGGGCAGCAAAGTGGGACATCTGTCTACAGGGCCAGTAGCCC CAGGTCATCTGCTTGCCAAAAGGAGGGGGACCAGCCCCCGGGGGGAGCCCAGAGCTCGGC AGGGCTGGGGTTAGTAAGAAGAGAAAACAGGGTTAGTAGGGGCTGGGTTAGTAAGTCAGA GCACAGCACCAGCGGACAGGGCACCTCAGCAGACACACACAGGAGTCGCTAAGAGAAAAG GAAGAACGCACGCAGGTCCGTTAGTTTGTTAAGGGATGATCGGGGTGCAGTTGAGGCACC CCAGGGGTTAGACGGGTTAGTAATCGAACAAAAGAGCTGCCTACAGAAAAGAAAGCTGAG ACGGAGGAAGAATGTGGGGAAGTGACATGGATTCAAAGCCAAGTGTCTTGCCCCAGGCAG AAGGATCTGTGTGCAGAACACCCAGAGAGGCCAGGGCCTAGGCAGCAGACGTGTTCAACC AGGTTTGAGGGGCCTTCCTCCATCCTCATACTTTTTTTTTTTTTAGGTGTCTGCCATGTG CTGAGACCCTTATATTGACGGGAATCCTCACTGCAACCTGTAAGGTATCAGAACTCGCAT TCTACCACTGAGGAAACTGAGGTTGAGAGAAGTGAGGTGACTTACTCAAACTCACTCAAC AGGAAGTGGCAGAGTTGGTGAGTCTTATTTGCATTCTCTGTCCTGGAACGTGGGTCTGCA CAAAGATCCCAGCCCATAGGCAGAGCCTTCTGGAGCCTTGGCTGCCCCCATATCCCAGCC CCTTGAAAGGCCCATGAGCTGCACAGTTAGTAGGATCTGGCTGCGGGGGGGTGGTTAGTA GGGCATGCTCGGGCCTGGTTAGTGGGTTAGTTGGTTGGCAGAAGGCCAGGCACCTCGTCA CACGCCACAGCGTCCCGGCTGAGCCCTGGGTTAGTAGGTTAATCACACCATGCAACACTG CCCCGGCCCCTCCAGCTGCAGCTTCAGAGGCCTCCCGCCCCCACCAGCCAGGGAGTGGGG CCTGACCAGGGCAGGGGGTCTAACTCTAAGCCCCCCAGCCCCATCAAAATCAACCCTAAC CACATGGACCCTGCCCAAAAGCATGTTGCTTCCCTATTTATTGGCTGTGGGTCTCAGAGC ACCCCCTGCAAATATTTCAGCTCCCCTGAAAATGGACCCTACTTGTCCTAGACAGAAACC CCCTGCCTGGTTCTGGTCAGCCCCTTCCCAGAGGGCTGGATCCTGTTACACTCTGACAGA CACACGCACACCCGCATCTCTCCGCAAAAGATCTGACAACCGTGCTTAGTAGACATCTCT TCCATCACCGACTGTCAGGCCTCTAGTTTCTCCAACTATTGGCCTGCCCTCCCACCATTA GAAAAAAAAAAAACGCATCAAGCTGGCCTGGCTCCTGGAACCAAGTTGAGACTCCCCCAC GCCCACCCGGTCTGCTTCCTTTTCAGCCAATGCTACAAAGCACCTAAGTGTACCCTAATT ATGCCATCTTCTATCACTGCTGTACTTTTCCCATAGAAACCCCAGCCTAGCATCTCCCAC AGTTCTAAACGATGTTCCATGAGAAAAAGATTCTACGGCCATAAAAGTCAAGGAACACTT CATCCTATGCCCTGTCCCTGAGTATTTGAAATTGCCATTAGCATTTTAAAGGTTCTGATA AGTCCTGCACTACTTCAGTAGTGCAGCGGAATTTGAATTAGAACCTGCTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTTTAAGGAGCAATGACATTTCCTAGAAGTTACTTTAAGAATTTCCCTAGAG GGTCGGGTATCATCTCAGCCAGATCTTTCTCATCCTTCAAGGCCCTGTTTGGTACAGCTT GCTAGGAAGCTGTTCCAGACTGCAGCAGCCCTCTCTGGGGTCTCTCTACCACTTCCCAGG CACTCAGAACTTGTGCCTCAGTAGACTGTTTTGTGGCACTGTCCCATTCTCTGATTCTCC ATGTGAGCTGGTTTTATCCCATCCAGCATGGCTGTGAAATCCTAAAGGTTCAAACCCCAG CCACTCTTCACCTATATTTCCCCCAAATGGCTAGCACGGGAAAGGGCCCAAAGTAGGTGC TCAGTGCTGATGAGAGAGTAGAATTTAAATACCCCAGGAAGCATTGTGAGTTACTACGGA GGCCATGAAATGCTGCCACCTCCCCAAGCTGATTAAAGAGTGATACTAGGAAAATAGGTA GGGAAGGGCTAATCAGAAATGCCTCTGGTTCAGAAGATGCTGAGTTTTAAAGTCCAGAGA GCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAATAGATAAACCCTAAGTCTATACTCCCAGATGGATGGGAGCAT TTGCTGAGCACCTACTGGGAGTCAGGCACTGTGCTAGGCACACAATCTCACTGAATTCTC CCTGCACCTGACAGGCAAGCACATTCCTTCCATTTCACAGAGCATCGGAGGCTCAGAGGT GAAGTAACTTGCCCAGGGTTGTAGCCCAGGCCCTTCTCAGGACACGGCTCTCCCAGGGCC TCCGCCTCCCTGCACTGAGCCCTGCCAGTTCCATATGTCCTCCGAAGCACTCCTGAGCCA CCCCAGCATGGTACCTGCCACTCTCCGTGTCTGCTTCCCATACCTCTCTGCTCCTCCTCC CCATCCCTGGGTGGGGGCGGGAATTCTGAAGGGGAGAAGGCTCTGACTTTCCATGTTTGC GGTGACCACCCTGTTAAGAACTGAATGGTGTCCCCTCCCCCAAATGCATATGTTGAAGCA GTAGCCTGCTATGTGACTGTTTTTGGAGATGGGACCTTTAAGGGGTTAAGGTTAAATGAG GTCATAGGTTTAAGCCCTAATATGGTGATATTAGTGTCTTTATAAGAAGAGGAGGAGACA CCAGAGCCTGCTCATGCTCTCTGTCCCTCTCCACAGAGAAAAGGCCATGTGAGGACATAG TGAGAAGGTGCCACCTGCAAGCCAAGGAGAGAGGCCTCACCAGAAACCAAGTCTTAACAC CTTGATCTGGACTTTCCAGCCTCCAGAACTGGCAGAAAATAAATTCCTGATGTTTAAGCC ATCCAGTCTGGCATGGTGCTGTGGCAGCCCAAGCTGATGAATAGTACACACCACTCCGCA TTCTGGGAAAAAGGACATCTGGCTTTTAAACTTGCCTAAGGGAGGCCACAAGCTGCTCTC TTGCAAACGCTGGGACTGTCTCCTCTGGAGGGAGCTGGAATTGCAGATTGTGGGGCCTGT CCTGCCACCTTCTGTTCCCCAAGAACAGAATCCAGGAGCAGTGCAACTAGAAGCAGCGAT CTGATTGGAGAAGAGTGTCCTGAGACTGGGCTAAGGTGACCCCTTAAGCCTTTGGGTAAG ACTGGTTCCCTTTGGATGGCAGGAAAAAAAACCCAGGGCCACCTGTCTCTTTCTAGTGAA TTTCCCTAGCCTAAATCTTATCTCTTAAAGACCCTCTCTTTTCAGGATGGTGCACTCTCA GCCCCTCTGGCTGCCCCTCCCAGAGTTCAACAGCACAGGGGGAAGGCTCCAGCTCCTCCC AGATCCTGACTGTCTCCTCTTTGTAACCATCAGGGAGAGGAAAAGCATGGAAAAGCCCCA CCAAGGAAGTCCCCCACAAAATGACAATTACGCACTGAGCAAATGGAGACAAAGGACTCC AGCCAGCGGCACCCGAGGAGCTGCATCTGCCCTCTGCCTGACAGCCCCTCCCCGACTCCC ATCCTTGTTCCTGTCCCCATCCTGTAGGGTCCTTTGAGACCCAGCCTTGGGGAAAGTGTG GTCAGTGGGGACTTGGCCCAGGCCAGGCTCTGTCTGGTCACCGGCAGAAACGCGAGGAGG AATCAAGTTCACATGGGGCAGGAAAGGGCCCCCAGACCCAGACAATAGGGCCCAGCAGGC AGGGCCCGAGCAGGTGAGGAGGGAGTAGTGGGCTGCCAGGCCTCCCTCATACCCCTGGAG CTGTCCTCCAGAGCCAGATCAGTCATCTGCTGAGCATCAACCAGGAAGAGTTCCTATCCA TGGGAGGCTCCATCCCAACAGGTGTGAAGAGGATGAGATCTTCAGGGAGTCACCCAGCGG GCTAGAAAACCACCGGAGTCTGACCGCTAAGTCACTGTGGCCAGAATCCAAGGTCACCCG AGGTCCAAAGAGAAGTCCAGGCCAGGAGTCCTGGAGATGCGGCCCAGATGGAGCCACCTG GGGGAGAAGACAGCGAGTGAGGATGAGGCCACAGCCTCCATCCCCAACTTCCCACATCCC CCCAGCCTAATTCTGCATCTGAGGGGACTCATGTTCAGAGATCCCCCCAGTCTCTCATGC CCCCAGCACACACACAGGGTGGAAGTGAGGGTTTTGGACATGAAACATTTTTAGAAGAAA CTTAGGCCAGGCACAGTGACTCCCACCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGGGAGGCTGAGGAAGG AGGATCACTTGAGCCCAGGAGTTCGAGACCAGCCTGGGCAACATAATGAGACTCTGTCTC TACAAAAAATAAGCCAGGCATGGTAGCATGCACCTGTAGTCCCAGCTACCCAGGAGGCTG AGGTGGGAGGATGTATTGAGCCCTGGAGTTCAAGGCTGCAGTGAGCCGTGATCATAACAC TGTACTCTAGCCTGGGCAACAGAGTGAGACCCTGTCTCTGAGAAAAAGGAAAAAAAAGTT GTCTAAAAAGAGGAAGCAATGAAAGCTGAGAATACCCACCAGGCAGGGTTAGCTCAGGGG ACCAGAGGAAAAGCAGTAAAGGGAGCCCATAGCAAGCTCCAGGAGCATCATGGGCAGAGA CAGGGCAAGGGTTTGAGGGGATGGGAAGGACTTTCAGAGGCCTTTGATGGCTTCAATTCA TTTTACAACATTCCCACTGGGAGGATCTCTGCACACCACCACCCCCAACATACACACACA CGCGCGCATACACACACATACACGCGCACACACATGCACGCATGCACACACACACAGGCA TGCACACACATGTGCACACGCACACACACACACACACACACTGCTCCCAGGACGAGGAGC TCACCCCCTTGCCGAGACTGTAATAAAGCGTGTTCTGACATGAAGATCTGAGCAGATGGG ATCATGTCTCTGGGTTCACCTCTGCGTCCCCAGCATCTGGCTCAGAGAAGTTGCTTGGTC CATGCCGGTGCTGAATGAAGGGACTTGCTAAATTCTCTGCTCGAGCTCACCCACAATGGT CTTGATTCCATCCCACCCACCCCCACCAAGACCACACAGAGC

  21. Conclusions • Human and chimp DNA similarity is unsurprising • Similarities between DNA sequences can be expressed in many different ways, but expressing the meaning of the similarities and differences is a more challenging task • Small percentage differences add up to large numerical differences • Common ancestry, common design and common constraints all explain similarities • Complex differences are not well explained by common ancestry • Design by a single Designer explains both the observed similarities, due to common design, and complex elegant differences as originating via an intelligent cause

  22. For by Him all things were created that are in heaven and that are on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers. All things were created through Him and for Him. Colossians 1:16 NKJV Car enluiontétécrééestoutes les choses qui sontdans les cieux et sur la terre, les visibles et les invisibles, trônes, dignités, dominations, autorités. Tout a étécréé par lui et pour lui. Colossiens 1:16 LSG

  23. When is Creation Sabbath? 26 October 2019 creationsabbath.net

  24. The END

  25. You are free to use this presentation for your own personal study, or for lectures in a classroom setting. Feel free to modify and improve it for classroom use in any way that you see fit. I ask that it not be redistributed in whole or in part for any purpose without my written permission. If you would like to use it for some other purpose, or wish to share it using any media please contact me at: tstandish@llu.edu Thank you for respecting my wishes with this.

More Related