Standardisation Processes in ICT: Strategic Collaboration for Technological Evolution

1. FITT (Fostering Interregional Exchange in ICT Technology Transfer)

2. Standardisation is a strategic process in the technological evolution and commercialisation of ICT software and hardware. Therefore it is important that there is in a very early stage of the technology a close collaboration between the research community, the industry and policy makers to converge this process within the standardisation bodies. Nature of reusability: Standardisation in Multimedia is exemplary for this process in other domains Case is mostly generic Quality/Nature of stakeholders: Research institutes, industry, policy, Standardisation bodies Processes related to case: IP management, standardisation Standardisation in multimedia

3. Standardisation Processes in Multimedia Peter Schelkens Interdisciplinary Institute for Broadband Technology & Vrije Universiteit Brussel Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO)

4. Today’s Focus • Standardisation organisations, processes and structure • Some illustrations • IPR issues • Conclusions

5. Today’s Focus • Standardisation organisations, processes and structure • Some illustrations • IPR Issues • Conclusions

6. Strategy • Strategy = f(technology, international standardisation body, European standardisation body, national standardisation body, application domain, IPR status, budget, regulatory aspects, etc.)

7. International Standardisation • International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) • http://www.iso.org/ • International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) • http://www.iec.ch/ • International Telecommunication Union (ITU) • http://www.itu.int/ • Europe • CEN – CENELEC – ETSI

8. National Organisation (Belgium) Source: Marc Cumps – Agioria http://www.ictstandards.be/

9. Normalisation Timeline • Phases of the standardisation process: • New Project (NP) • Can start with Technical Report (TR) • Working Draft (WD) • Committee Draft (CD) • Final Committee Draft (FCD) • (Final) Draft International Standard ((F)DIS) • International Standard (IS) • Process: • NB balloting for every step • Consensus-based • Duration • 2.5-3 years • But: fast track schemes are possible

10. Research Timeline vs. Normalisation Timeline vs. Commercialisation Timeline • Succesful participation = multi-lateral strategy ............. Y-6 Y-5 Y-4 Y-3 Y-2 Y-1 Y0 Fundamental Research Industrial R&D Strategic Research Product Lobbying,Call for Evidence, Technical Reports Norm Maintenance Standardisation Process IS Spin-offIP Licensing IP Protection Incubation

11. Today’s Focus • Standardisation organisations, processes and structure • Some illustrations • IPR Issues • Conclusions

12. ISO/IEC & ITU-T Standards ITU-T ISO/IEC JPEG MPEG-1 H.261 CD-ROM ISDN Videoconferencing H.262 MPEG-2 DVD, Digital TV, HDTV Desktop/mobile video telephony MPEG-4 H.263(+) Multimedia: Baseline,AVC, SVC, AFX JPEG2000 H.264 MPEG-4AVC MPEG-7 Metadata MPEG-21 DRM, DIA, … ?

13. JPEG • Standardised in 1994 (Start activities in 1986) • Massive market adoption started in the late 90’s. (Source Wikipedia dd. 2008)

14. MP3/AAC • MP3 = MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (1992) • Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) = MPEG-2 Part 7 Audio (1997) + updated in MPEG-4 Part 3 (1999, 2001)

15. MPEG-2 • Standardised in 1994 • Succesfully deployed in DVD and Digital Television markets

16. JPEG 2000 • Standardised in 2000 • Illustration of an ecosystem standard • Succesful in niche markets

17. MPEG-4 AVC or H.264 • MPEG-4 Part 10 • Standardised in 2008

18. Evolution in video coding H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC

19. Extension of AVC/H.264Scalable Video Coding (SVC) spatial resolution 4CIF CIF bit-rates low QCIF temporal resolution high 60 30 15 7.5

20. What will be on the menu in the future? • Generic or focused? • What are the technologies around? • Intellectual property rights: a concern?

21. Quiche or Niche? • Saturation effect is observable with respect to incremental improvements new technology is able to bring to current multimedia standards • Generic technologies tend to negate properties and requirements of niche markets • Embedding niche market requirements intrinsically overload standards with wide coverage

22. What if we stay generic? So what can our chef do? • Halve the cake but keep the quality • Keep the cake but double the quality • Keep the quality and boost the fool tolerance of the cooking process • Improve the presentation ofthe dish

23. This is the recepie for ITU-T’s H.265 (1/2) • Focus on “Less is more”

24. This is the recepie for ITU-T’s H.265 (2/2) • Focus on “High Quality” Source wikipedia : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:UHDV.svg

25. Focus on “Fool Tolerance”

26. MPEG-4 Multiview Video Coding (MVC) • Standard supporting stereo and multiview coding • Based on H.264

27. JPEG-XR • Proposed by Microsoft as successor of JPEG • Focused on digital photography market • Supports High Dynamic Range (HDR) photography

28. Advanced Image Coding (AIC) • Focus on perceptual quality and new image coding technologies • Call for Proposals has been launched • Similar quality related activities in ITU-T • Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG) • Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG)

29. Today’s Focus • Standardisation organisations, processes and structure • Some illustrations • IPR Issues • Conclusions

30. Intellectual Property and Standards: a Tough Nut to Crack • Two streams • Royalty fee free standards • JPEG, JPEG 2000 ... • Licensing fee based standards • H.264, ...

31. Intellectual Property and Standards: a Tough Nut to Crack

32. Today’s Focus • Standardisation organisations, processes and structure • Some illustrations • IPR Issues • Conclusions

33. Conclusions • Strategy = f(technology, international standardisation body, European standardisation body, national standardisation body, application domain, IPR status, budget, regulatory aspects, etc.) • Be involved! • You have impact • Standardisation bodies are an invaluable source of information • But, you have to compose the menu