The Least You Need to Know, A Lot to Learn

1. The Least You Need to Know, A Lot to Learn • The Internet is a huge computer network -the world’s largest- and it’s open to the public. • E-mail may not be glamorous, but it’s the most important tool on the Internet. • The World Wide Web is not the Internet. • A new system’s appearing on the Internet, push. • There are tens of thousands of discussion groups on the Internet- newsgroup, mailing lists, and Web forums.

2. The Least You Need to Know(Cont’.) • Three services- Gopher, FTP, and Telnet- have become submerged in all the fuss about the World Wide Web. • The Internet is a communication system either with your voice or without your voice. • The Internet is constantly changing. It’s the nature of the Internet. That’s why you have to learn how to search for thins on the Internet.

3. The Least You Need to Know(Cont’.) • We’ve heard about the dangers of the Internet, so we have to know what it takes to stay safe. • The Internet is a hardware system, so you’ll need software. We’ll learn where to find all kinds of software. • There are thousands of reasons to use the Internet. We have to study its applications.

4. What is the Internet? • What’s a computer network? It’s a system in which computers are connected so they can share “information”. • Information is anything you can send over lines of electronic communication - e-mail, word processing files, documents, programs, sounds, music, and anything else that can be electronically encoded. • There are millions of networks around the world.

5. What is the Internet?(Cont’) • What’s the Internet? • The world’s largest computer network. • It’s open to anyone with the entrance fee, and the entrance fee is constantly dropping. • There are a whole lot of people out there; the numbers are definitely in the tens of millions.

6. The History of the Internet • Late 1960s, ARPANET was originally designed by the U.S. Department of Defense, Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) to share information and survive a nuclear attack. • In1989,those networks created for military use were dismantled and replaced by the National Science Foundation, NSFNET

7. The Internet Services • E-mail • The electronic world’s postal system is very much like the real world’s postal system, except that you can’t send fruit or bombs. • Discussion groups • Newsgroups • Mailing lists • Web Forums

8. The Internet Services (Cont’) • Chat • You type a message, and it’s instantly transmitted to another person, or to many other people, who can type his response right away. • Internet Phones • Install a sound card and microphone, get the Internet Phone software, and then talk to people across the Internet.

9. The Internet Services (Cont’) • FTP, the grand old man of the Internet • The whole purpose of the Internet was to transfer files from one place to another. FTP provides a giant electronic “library” of computer files. • Archie • Archie is like the library’s card catalog, telling you which file is kept where.

10. The Internet Services (Cont’) • Gopher, the poor old too • Converts a command-line computer system to a menu system. • Telnet • Provides a way to log onto a computer that’s connected somewhere out there on the Internet.

11. The Internet Services (Cont’) • World Wide Web • Containing pictures, sounds, and animation the Web is a giant”hypertext” system in which documents around the world are linked to one another. • Push Programs • A “scheduled pull” system. • Periodically information is sent to your computer without your direct intervention.

12. Internet Terminology • Service Provider • ISP (Internet Service Provider) • The company generally provides access to the Internet.

13. Internet Terminology(Cont’) • Online Service • The company provides all sorts of file libraries, chat services, news services, and so on, within the private areas of the services themselves. • The online services sometimes provide two types of access telephone numbers. One provides you with a dial-in direct connection to the Internet and access to the online service. The other provides access to the online service only, not to the Internet.

14. Internet Terminology(Cont’) • Protocol • Communication protocols provide a similar set of rules that define how modems, computers and programs can communicate. • TCP/IP • Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol • A set of Protocols(Communication rules) that control how data transfers between computers on the Internet.

15. Internet Terminology(Cont’) • Shareware • Software that is given away for free, but which you are supposed to register (for a fee) if you decide to continue using it. • Freeware • Software that is given away with no fee required. • Demoware • Software that is generally free, but is intended to get you interested in buying the “full” program.

16. Internet Terminology(Cont’) • HTML • HyperText Markup Language • The basic coding system used to create Web documents • Hypertext • A system in which documents contain links that allow readers to move between areas of the document, following subjects of interest in a variety of different paths. With most browsers you use the mouse to click a link to follow the link.

17. Internet Terminology(Cont’) • LAN • Local Area Network • A computer network that covers only a small area (often a single office or building)

18. Internet Terminology(Cont’) • bps • bits per second • A measure of the speed of data transmission; the number of bits of data that can be transmitted each second. • bit • A bit is either 0 or1. • 8 bit = 1 character

19. Internet Terminology(Cont’) • Analog Signal • A signal that varies in a continuous manner, such as music or the voice tones carried over telephone lines. • Digital Signal • An electrical signal which takes on only certain values (0 or 1) and is not continuous.

20. Internet Terminology(Cont’) • Client • A program or computer that is serviced by another program or computer. • Server • A program or computer that services another program or computer.

21. Internet Terminology(Cont’) • IP Address • Dot Address • A 32-bit address that defines the location of a host on the Internet • Such addresses are normally shown as 4 bytes, each one separated by a period (for example, 192.156.196.1) • Domain Name • A name given to a host computer on the Internet.

22. Internet Terminology(Cont’) • URL • Universal Resource Locator • A Web address

23. Internet Terminology(Cont’) • Website • A collection of Web documents about a particular subject on a host. • Home Page • The Web document your browser displays when you start the program. • A sort of “main page” at a Website. • Web Page • Each web document

24. Internet Terminology(Cont’) • Web Browser • A program that lets you read HTML documents and navigate around the Web. • Web Server • A computer system that makes Web documents available to Web browser. • Web Master • The person who takes care that Website.

25. Internet Connections • Permanent Connections • A connection to the Internet using a leased line. • If you have a permanent connection, your computer connects directly to a TCP/IP network that is part of the Internet. • A company can lease a single line and then allow multiple employees to use it to access the Internet.

26. Internet Connections(Cont’) • Dial-In Direct Connections • PPP(Point-to-Point Protocol), SLIP(Serial Line Internet Protocol), or CSLIP(Compressed SLIP) connections • You must have a modem, and you have to dial a telephone number given to you by the service provider or online service.

27. Internet Connections(Cont’) • Dial-In Terminal Connections • A Shell Account • You also have to dial into the service provider’s computer. • When the connection is made, your computer simply becomes a terminal of the service provider’s computer.

28. Internet Connections(Cont’) • Mail Connections • A mail connection enables you to send and receive Internet e-mail and, perhaps, to read the Internet newsgroup. • But you can do nothing more.

29. Equipment You Will Need • A Pentium-based PC • The faster the better, the more RAM the better. • At least 16M of memory and 200M free hard disk space. • Providing a nice graphical software. • At least a 486 PC computer

30. Equipment You Will Need(Cont’) • A color monitor running at least 800*600 resolution • A sound card with external speakers • Either the Windows 95, 98 or NT operating system • A standard telephone line • An account with an Internet Service Provider • Appropriate Internet software

31. Equipment You Will Need(Cont’) • A modem • A modem takes the digital signals from your computer and converts them to the analog signals that your phone line uses. • An External VS. An Internal • The faster the better • Most service providers have 33600 bps connections these days

32. Equipment You Will Need(Cont’) • A modem(Cont’) • There are currently 2 rival techniques used for making modems transmit at 56K speed, and not all service providers can use both methods. • Although rated at “56K”, it can transfer from the Internet with56K but transfer to the Internet will go at the slower 33.6K rate • It may not transfer at 56K speed across some phone lines.

33. The Best Internet Service Provider • A service that you think is good might prove to be a lousy choice for someone else. • Basically, what you need to do is pick a service provider that is cheap, helpful, and has a reliable and fast connection to the Internet and easy-to-install software.

34. Getting on the Net • Install Modem • Install a connection though Dial-Up Networking • Connect to the Internet Service Provider