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Understanding Water, Chemical Bonds, and pH in Anatomy and Physiology

This chapter delves into vital concepts of anatomy and physiology, focusing on the role of water as a universal solvent. It explores how cells interact differently with water, distinguishing between hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances. The chapter also defines chemical bonds, including ionic and covalent types, crucial for understanding electrolyte solutions in the body. Additionally, it covers the pH scale, emphasizing the importance of hydrogen ions in determining acidity and alkalinity, and introduces medical terminology relevant to these concepts, including foundational elements and organic compounds.

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Understanding Water, Chemical Bonds, and pH in Anatomy and Physiology

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  1. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTS “I was taught that the way of progress is neither swift nor easy.” Marie Curie

  2. WATER • UNIVERSAL SOLVENT • CELLS REACT DIFFERENTLY TO WATER • HYDROPHOBIC • HYDROPHILIC • MIXTURES • SOLUTIONS – SOLUTE, SOLVENT • SUSPENSIONS - COLLOIDS

  3. CHEMICAL BONDS • IONIC – ‘DONATED’ THE ELECTRON • THIS IS THE BOND TYPE OF OUR BODY’S ELECTROLYTES; ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS CARRY AN ELECTRICAL CHARGE (IE, EKG) • COVALENT – SHARE AN ELECTRON • VOCABULARY: IONIC, ANION, CATION

  4. THE pH SCALE • POTENTIAL OF HYDROGEN • NEUTRAL IS 7 BASED UPON DISTILLED WATER • THE MORE HYDROGEN (H+) THERE IS, THE MORE ACIDIC THE SUBSTANCE; THE NUMBER IS DECREASED AWAY FROM NEUTRAL. • THE LESS H+, THE HIGHER THE NUMBER ON THE SCALE = ALKALINE • SERUM LEVEL 7.35- 7.45

  5. CHEMISTRY OF LIVING MATTER • HONC - THE 4 MAIN ELEMENTS IN YOUR BODY • OYGEN IS MOST PREVALENT • ORGANIC COMPOUNDS – MUST CONTAIN CARBON (C) • CH20 – CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, PROTEINS • INORGANIC COMPOUNDS – DO NOT CONTAIN CARBON

  6. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY • HYDR/O- • -PHIL • -PHOBIA • HOM/O- • HETER/O- • AQU/E- • DI- • MON/O- • TRI- • -ASE • DE- • GLYC/O-

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