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FM 7-8, Infantry Rifle Platoon & SquadREFERENCES

ACTION: Conduct an Ambush

CONDITION: Given instruction in a field environment at Skytop with rubber ducks, LBE, and slide handouts

STANDARD: Demonstrate a basic knowledge of ambush operations by conduction a mock ambush onsite

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE

AMBUSH

A surprise attack from concealed position on a moving or temporarily halted target.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AMBUSH

Surprise
Violence of Action
Predetermined Kill Zone
Coordinated Assault
Planned Withdrawal

Leader’s Recon

Occupation (NLT Time in OPORD)

Execution

Withdrawal

Dissemination of Information

PHASES OF THE AMBUSH

Kill Zone – a defined area on the ground in which fires will be concentrated to inflict maximum damage to the enemy in the shortest amount of time.

Assault Element – seizes and secures the objective and protects the special teams as they complete their assigned actions on the objective (OBJ).

OPERATIONAL TERMS

Security Element – the portion of the unit tasked with ensuring that no enemy enters or leaves the kill zone once the ambush is initiated. Also provides early warning to friendly elements.

Support Element – the portion of the unit tasked with providing support by fire for the assault element.

OPERATIONAL TERMS

Special Teams – sub-elements task organized to perform specific tasks during AOBJ

EPW/Search Team – designated to search enemy bodies for PIR and collect and process enemy prisoners

Demolition Team – designated to destroy enemy equipment not to be taken from the objective

Aid/Litter Team – designated to provide first aid to casualties (both friendly and enemy) and assist the platoon medic in triage, treatment and movement of casualties

OPERATIONAL TERMS

Objective Rally Point (ORP) – a halt out of sight, smell, sound and small arms range of the objective from which final preparations are made, reconnaissance of the objective is conducted and information is disseminated.OPERATIONAL TERMS

Release Point (RP) – location between the objective and the ORP from which surveillance of the OBJ can be maintained and at which subordinate elements (Assault, Security, Support) can be released from or to centralized control.OPERATIONAL TERMS

Limit of Advance (LOA) – a phase line used to control the forward progress of the attack. The assault element will not advance beyond the LOA, but may maintain security from that point.

Casualty Collection Point (CCP) – a location on or near the objective to which casualties will be brought for treatment and preparation for evacuation

OPERATIONAL TERMS

Category

Hasty or Deliberate

Type

Point or Area

Formation

Linear or L-Shaped

CLASSIFICATIONS

Hasty

Deliberate

CATEGORIES OFAMBUSHES

Surprise attack conducted when the unit makes visual contact with the enemy and has time to set up an ambush without being detected.HASTY AMBUSH

SQUAD HASTY AMBUSH

Surprise attack conducted against a specific target at a predetermined location.DELIBERATE AMBUSH

POINT AMBUSH

Unit deploys to attack the enemy in a single kill zone.

AREA AMBUSH

Unit deploys in two or more related POINT AMBUSHES.

TYPES OF AMBUSHES

Security

Assault #1

Assault #2

Support

L-SHAPED

Assault and Support elements deploy parallel to the enemy’s route.

AMBUSH FORMATIONS

LINEAR AMBUSH

L-SHAPED

The Assault Element forms the long leg parallel to the enemy’s direction of movement.

The Support Element forms the short leg at one end of and at right angles to the Assault Element.

AMBUSH FORMATIONS

L-SHAPED AMBUSH

Covering the Entire Kill Zone by Fire

Using Existing or Reinforcing Obstacles

Protecting Assault and Support Elements (with mines, claymores or explosives)

Using Security Elements to Isolate Kill Zone

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

Assaulting into Kill Zone

Timing of All Elements to Maintain Surprise

Rotation of Squads into a Squad Ambush (for ambushes that must be maintained for a long time)

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

Leader’s Recon (Phase 1)

Purpose is to PINPOINT the objective

PL, Assault Squad Leaders, Weapon’s Squad Leader, Release Point Personnel, Security Detachment, Forward Observer

Move to RP

Establish Surveillance

Move close enough to OBJ (when possible, move to actual positions) to identify the following:

Kill Zone (Define L/R Limits and LOA)

Support Positions (Key Weapon Locations)

Security Positions

AMBUSH TECHNIQUE

Occupation (Phase 2)

Move to RP in Order of Occupation

Emplace Security

Emplace Key Weapons (Support)

Emplace Assault (Assign Sectors of Fire)

Emplace Mines and Obstacles

Aiming Stakes, Camouflage Positions

Wait, Remain Alert, Observe Strict NLM Discipline

AMBUSH TECHNIQUE

Execution (Phase 3)

Initiate ON ORDER with the MOST CASUALTY PRODUCING WEAPON

Team Leaders Control Rate and Distribution of Fires

Soldiers Fire to Kill All Enemy in Sector

Leaders Maintain Fires Until ALL Movement and Noise Cease / Call CEASE FIRE

AMBUSH TECHNIQUE

Execution (Phase 3) continued

Assault Elements Enter Kill Zone in Pre-Determined Order, On Order

Assault Elements Advance to LOA / Announce “LOA”

PL Deploys Special Teams

AMBUSH TECHNIQUE

Withdrawal (Phase 4)

After Special Teams Complete Assigned Tasks

Withdraw in Reverse Order of Occupation

Assault 1 (by Fire Team)

Assault 2 (by Fire Team)

Support

Security

ALL PERSONNEL WITHDRAW THRU THE RELEASE POINT

AMBUSH TECHNIQUE

AREA AMBUSH

Conducted with Multiple Point Ambushes

Each Point Ambush Follows the Same Principles and Techniques Previously Described

AREA AMBUSH

Command, Control, and Communication

Designation of Main and Supporting Efforts (Weigh Accordingly)

Terrain

OCOKA

Centralized ORP and Release Point

Centralized Casualty Collection Point

Coordination Between Ambushes

Disengagement Criteria for Supporting Efforts

KEY CONSIDERATIONS

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