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Understanding Lameness in Horses: Examination, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Lameness in horses can arise from various causes, including pain, mechanical interference, and neurological issues. This comprehensive guide details the components of lameness examinations, such as history, observation, and gait evaluation. Different lameness grades are defined, providing insights into the severity of the condition. Key diagnostic tools, including hoof testers and local anesthesia, help pinpoint sources of pain. Additionally, the document discusses common lameness conditions and their underlying causes, emphasizing the importance of proper hoof care and shoeing.

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Understanding Lameness in Horses: Examination, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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  1. Lameness exams Pg 143-147 321-327

  2. Reasons for lameness Pain- Mechanical interference without pain Neurological lameness Lameness Examination

  3. Components of Examination History Observation- Evaluation at rest- toe touching, or able to bear weight Evaluation in motion Palpation- feel for heat, or feel for tenderness in the foot Local anesthesia Further diagnostic evaluation

  4. Gait evaluation • Easiest to detect at a trot • Small circles accentuate lameness • Left vs. right • Flexion of fetlock • Head bobbing- up with forelimb, down with hind limb • Stride length • Shoe ware

  5. Lameness grade 0-5 • 0- not perceptible under any circumstance • 1- difficult to observe, inconsistent, regardless of circumstance • 2- difficult to observe at walk and trot on straight line, but apparent consistently under certain circumstances (circle, incline, hard surface) • 3- consistently observable at trot under all circumstances • 4- obvious at walk • 5- inability to move- non-weight bearing

  6. Carpal Flexion Test

  7. Inspection and Assessment of Foot Conformation and Shoeing

  8. HOOF WORK

  9. Examination of the hoof using Hoof Tester • The testers are applied between the hoof wall and the sole to find whether pain is present

  10. Examination of the hoof using Hoof Tester • The hoof testers are being applied across the heels of the foot to localize pain to the palmar aspect of the foot

  11. Examination of the hoof using Hoof Tester • The hoof testers are applied over the middle third of the frog. Horses with pain in the navicular region may show pain on application over this area

  12. Hoof hammer • Tapping of the hoof wall with a hammer, whit the hoof on the ground. Sometimes this will reveal pain when the use of the hoof testers does not

  13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICOtTMEuCxY

  14. Other diagnostics • Nerve block • Thermography • Radiography • Ultrasound • Bone scan • Magnetic resonance imaging • Nuclear scintigraphy • Tomography • Arthrocentesis

  15. 2 classifications for lameness • Supporting limb lameness • swinging limb lameness • mixed lameness • complementary/compensatory lameness • Predisposing factors- shoeing, disease, faulty conformation, poor condition, poor hoof care • Trauma- trailer, accidents, kicks by another horse, incoordination (cross-fire)

  16. Unsoundness • Laminitis • Bruised soles/abscesses • Navicular Syndrome • Quittor • Cracks • Seedy toe • Side bone • Bucked shins • Sweeney • Bone Spavin • Stringhalt • Ringbone • Sesamoiditis • Osselets • Carpal Hygroma • Bowed Tendon • Patellar Luxation • Physitis • Subchondral Cystic Lesions Blemishes • Curb • Windpuffs • Bog Spavin • Capped Hock • Thoroughpin • Shoe Boil • Splints • Grease Heal (scratches)

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