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HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). cartoon. electron microscope picture of virus particles (about 100,000x magnified). virology-online.com. from Weiss (2001) Phil Trans Roy Soc. Lond. B. from Freeman & Herron Evolutionary Analysis (1998).
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HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) cartoon electron microscope picture of virus particles (about 100,000x magnified) virology-online.com
from Freeman & Herron Evolutionary Analysis (1998)
from Pantaleo G, Graziosi C, Fauci AS. 1993. New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med;328:327-35
comparison of mutation rates when copying the genes of…. 1 mistake in 1 billion nucleotides copied 1 mistake in 1 million nucleotides copied 1 mistake in 1 thousand nucleotides copied Humans Influenza A (flu) virus HIV virus from Freeman & Herron Evolutionary Analysis (1998)
What's the evidence that HIV has evolved? 1. comparison of sequence types from last 50 years 2. growing resistance to once-effective drugs (esp. AZT) 3. comparison of sequences in newly infected HIV patient, with those in the patient after he/she develops AIDS symptoms
Retroviral Rebound Syndrome after Cessation of Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy in Three Patients with Chronic HIV Infection by Roy Colven, Robert D. Harrington, David H. Spach, Calvin J. Cohen, and Thomas M. Hooton Annals of Internal Medicine (19 September 2000) Volume 133 Issue 6
$1 HIV/AIDS treatment per person per day 28.1 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa living with HIV/AIDS 365 days per year 1 x 28.1 million x 365 = 10.26 billion dollars per year ...would provide every HIV-positive sub-Saharan African with life-saving drugs $85 billion / $10.26 billion dollars per year = 8.3 years (number of years the USA could provide life-saving HIV drugs to sub-Saharan Africans with the tax payers money we spent this year to invade and occupy Iraq)
but needle exchange programs encourage drug use, right? WRONG! Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic 2002 UNAIDS