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World History: The Earth and its Peoples

World History: The Earth and its Peoples. Chapter 7 Networks of Communication And Exchange, 300 B.C.E. - 1100 C.E. Objectives. Identify the locations and describe the participants of the Silk Road, the Indian Ocean, and the trans-Saharan trade routes..

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World History: The Earth and its Peoples

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  1. World History:The Earth and its Peoples Chapter 7 Networks of Communication And Exchange, 300 B.C.E. - 1100 C.E.

  2. Objectives • Identify the locations and describe the participants of the Silk Road, the Indian Ocean, and the trans-Saharan trade routes.. • Define the term “Africanity” and explain the development of “Africanity” in terms of Bantu migrations.. • Analyze the relationship between environment, transportation technology,and trade along the Silk Road, Indian Ocean, and trans-Saharan trade routes.. • Discuss the causes and patterns of the spread of Buddhism and Christianity..

  3. Silk Road Map

  4. Overview Remember to give Students their quizzes Back Trade Routes • agricultural goods • manufactured goods • ideas • social system Did more for cultural inclusion than any emperor or king.

  5. The Silk Road Silk Road • connects Middle East to China • 1st Period: 150 BCE - 907 CE • 2nd Period: 13th-17th cen. CE • Origins • nomadic traders • Chinese demand for western products • Mesopotamian markets • Parthians • hybrid camels • existed solely for trade route

  6. The Silk Road Zhang Jian • Ferghana horses • alfalfa and domestic grapes • Chinese Exports • silk, pottery, paper Impact of Trade • settling of Iranian nomads • import of Turkic peoples • yurts • interest in foreign religions • military • chariot, bowmen • stirrup • Prosperity from trade = peace

  7. Silk Road Map

  8. The Indian Ocean Indian Ocean Maritime System • Indian Ocean / South China Sea • multilingual / multiethnic seafarers • E. Africa, Arabia, India, China, and SE Asia • monsoons • lateen sails; long reaches • sail further from shore • colonies • economic, not political • warfare rare

  9. The Indian Ocean Origins of Contact and Trade • Africa • SE Asian settling of Madagascar • 2000 years ago • cultures of homeland • Mozambique Channel • 1500 years ago Impact • The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea - 7th century CE • extensive written record of trade • ports of call from E to W • bilingual and bicultural families • cosmopolitan in nature

  10. Routes Across the Sahara Sahara • 2500 BCE - 300 BCE • shift in cultural patterns south • Mediterranean - S. Africa barrier • source of European exploration • trans-Saharan caravan routes Culture • cave paintings • cliffs and caves • southern animals • hunters, cattle breeders, horse herders, camel riders • Trans Saharan Trade Routes • camel domestication

  11. Camel Domestication Camels in Africa • 1st century BCE • to Egypt from Arabia; S to N • saddle purposes Trade • South • salt for forest products • Sahel - ‘coast’ • Saharan southern border • North • food for Roman Empire • Roman N. African farms • wild animals for Coliseum • post-Roman shift to Middle East • Berber: trade for gold dust

  12. Sub-Saharan Africa Ghana - 600 - 1076 CE • “land of gold” • 1st documentable W. Africa • African with Muslim traders • religious toleration Sub-Saharan Africa • most important cultural exchange • geographical obstacles

  13. Sub-Saharan Africa Geography • Sahara, Atlantic, Indian, Red Sea • limited navigation of rivers • steppes • treeless plains; coarse grass • savanna • long grasses; scattered forests • tropical rain forest • Cultural traditions as a result of long period of isolation

  14. Sub-Saharan Culture Cultural Unity... • “great traditions” • written language, legal system, ethical codes, intellectual traditions • “small traditions” • local customs and beliefs • less-population density • distance between tribes • lack of accessibility to interior • Common Elements • concept of kingship - isolation • fixed social categories • common agricultural cultivation • common music rituals … emanates from Sub-Sahara

  15. Bantu Migrations “Africanity” • common African quality Bantu • family of 300 sub-Saharan languages • proto-Bantu as fishermen and agriculturalists • iron-smelting • language distribution • spread of agriculture • use of iron tools

  16. The Spread of Ideas Where do ideas and beliefs start? • Iron-smelting and pork Religion • royal sponsorship • monks, missionaries, and pilgrims • Silk Road and Indian Ocean • Buddhism • Ethiopian Christianity • Constantine’s missionaries • Patriarch of Alexandria • writing system • Armenian Christianity

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