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World History: The Earth and its Peoples

World History: The Earth and its Peoples. Chapter 29 The Collapse of the Old Order, 1929-1949. Objectives. Be able to explain how the Soviet Union changed under Stalin and at what cost. Understand the main causes of the Second World War.

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World History: The Earth and its Peoples

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  1. World History:The Earth and its Peoples Chapter 29 The Collapse of the Old Order, 1929-1949

  2. Objectives • Be able to explain how the Soviet Union changed under Stalin and at what cost. • Understand the main causes of the Second World War. • Explain how the war was fought and understand why Germany and Japan lost.

  3. End of the ‘Artificial Normalcy’ The ‘Steel’ Revolution • Lenin (1924) & Trotsky (1925) • Joseph Stalin • Goal: industrialization • Communist power • 1st Five-Years Plan – 1928-32 • electricity / heavy industry • collectivization of agriculture • Goal: control peasants • ‘outdoor factories’ • Kulaks • ‘prosperous’ peasants • resistant • “liquidation” – 8M • 2nd Five-Years Plan – 1933-37 • armaments production • NKVD • “party disloyalty” • “Old Bolsheviks” • Results • fast industrialization • World: “planned economy needed”

  4. End of the ‘Artificial Normalcy’ The Depression • Oct. 24, 1929 - 1932 • N.Y. Stock Exchange > world • Causes • speculative ‘bubble’ • Effects • US • loss of sales • business cutbacks and layoffs • 25% unemployment • loan calls • Smoot-Hawley Act - 1930 • World - 1931 • default on war loans/reparations • drop in trade (62%) • Industrial vs. non-Industrial • self-sufficiency

  5. End of the ‘Artificial Normalcy’ Rise of Fascism • WWI embitterment / Communism • rising unemployment • fasci di combattimento • Italy: Black Shirts • Germany: Brown Shirts • demands / intimidation • anti-modernity • return to ‘simpler’ ways • charismatic leaders • spellbinding orators • blame game • glorify nationalism • Benito Mussolini – Italy • Adolf Hitler - Germany

  6. Charisma

  7. End of the ‘Artificial Normalcy’ Benito Mussolini – Il Duce • Fascist Party – 1921 • march on Rome • Prime Minister • propaganda • “Il Duce is always right” • war, violence, and struggle Adolf Hitler – The Fuhrer • National Socialists – Nazis • Munich Uprising – 1924 • Mein Kampf • Goals • Treaty of Versailles • Aryan unity • survival of the fittest • Lebensraum • keys to power • unemployment / Communism • German Chancellor - 1933

  8. The Road To War - Europe Testing The ‘Waters’ 1933 – German withdrawal from L.O.N. 1935 – German conscription 1935 – Italy invades Ethiopia 1936 – Rhineland 1938 – Germany ‘invades’ Austria 1938 – Munich Conference • Czechoslovakia annexation 1939 – Germany invades Czechoslovakia Reasons For ‘appeasement’ • Democratic yearnings for peace • Fear of communist spread • Novelty of Fascist tactics

  9. The Road To War – East Asia Japan • conquer / colonize China • militarization of Japan • Manchurian Incident – 1931 • Manchukuo China • Chiang Kai-shek • Guomindang • Mao Zedong • reliance of peasantry • guerilla warfare • Long March – 1934 • Shaanxi • Sino-Japanese War – 1937-45 • drain of Japanese economy • reliance on US

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