Final Exam Information and Review for Marine Ecology Course

1. Final Exam Information • ~25-30% on last lectures (reefs, mangroves, conservation) • ~70-75% cumulative • Same basic format – a bit longer (25% of grade) • Will include short matching section (example on handout) • Makeup exam – Friday (tomorrow) 10-12 in 334 Illick • Final -- 4 May, 12:30-2:30 in 139 Baker (HERE)

2. Final Exam Information • Website • Outlines • Oceans in the news • Power Point Files • Exam keys • Review question answers • This review file (this afternoon) • Extra Office Hours • Schulz: Today – 2-4, Monday – 2-4, Tuesday – 9-10:30 • TAs – normal office hours

3. Miscellaneous • If you want to provide photos (I can scan) for the field trip file (will be on web) – see me this week • Course overview • Questions?

4. Overview of Course Content • Abiotic Environment • Physical/geological factors • Chemical factors www.nii.net/~celestialmassage/ ocean-waves%20a.JPG

5. Overview of Course Content • General Marine Ecology http://www.mermaid1.demon.co.uk Sunstar, Crossaster papposus

6. Overview of Course Content Plankton

7. Overview of Course Content Nekton www.gristmagazine.com/grist/images/ features/tuna-school.jpg

8. Overview of Course Content Marine Mammals

9. Overview of Course Content Sole Marine Fisheries http://www.mermaid1.demon.co.uk

10. Overview of Course Content Sharks, skates and rays

11. Overview of Course Content Deep Sea

12. Overview of Course Content Kelp forest Subtidal Benthic http://www.mermaid1.demon.co.uk

13. Overview of Course Content Intertidal

14. Overview of Course Content Meiofauna

15. Overview of Course Content Estuaries and Salt Marshes

16. Overview of Course Content Coral Reefs

17. Overview of Course Content • Human Impacts and Marine Conservation

18. Questions?

19. The Review Game • If you want to play, pick up one A,B,C, and D (these are not grades!) • Stand up • Multiple choice questions – hold up your answer choice; sit down if you are incorrect • Last 5 left standing will win prizes!

20. Coral reefs are unique among major marine habitats because they: • Occur everywhere in the world • Are made by corals, the only organisms to secrete calcium carbonate • Contain no other organisms but corals • Are formed entirely by biological action

21. Coral reefs are unique among major marine habitats because they: • Occur everywhere in the world • Are made by corals, the only organisms to secrete calcium carbonate • Contain no other organisms but corals • Are formed entirely by biological action

22. Minamata disease found in people living in a town in Japan was caused by which one of the following pollutants? • Toxic bacteria from sewage • Methyl-mercury • Lead • Toxic viruses from sewage

23. Minamata disease found in people living in a town in Japan was caused by which one of the following pollutants? • Toxic bacteria from sewage • Methyl-mercury • Lead • Toxic viruses from sewage

24. Most oil spilled into the ocean each year comes from: • Natural seepage • Ship maintenance • Runoff from sewer drains • Tanker accidents

25. Most oil spilled into the ocean each year comes from: • Natural seepage • Ship maintenance • Runoff from sewer drains • Tanker accidents

26. Which of the following zones of the ocean has the lowest species richness/diversity? • Coral reefs • Open ocean pelagic • Deep sea benthos • Rocky intertidal

27. Which of the following zones of the ocean has the lowest species richness/diversity? • Coral reefs • Open ocean pelagic • Deep sea benthos • Rocky intertidal

28. Charles Darwin’s hypothesis about coral reefs: • Said that atolls were formed around subsiding seamounts – it was later supported • Said that atolls were formed around subsiding seamounts – it was later disproved • Said that atolls were formed around rising seamounts – it was later supported • Said that atolls were formed around rising seamounts – it was later disproved

29. Charles Darwin’s hypothesis about coral reefs: • Said that atolls were formed around subsiding seamounts – it was later supported • Said that atolls were formed around subsiding seamounts – it was later disproved • Said that atolls were formed around rising seamounts – it was later supported • Said that atolls were formed around rising seamounts – it was later disproved

30. Among the ‘ecosystem services’ provided by mangals is: • They prevent sedimentation in shipping canals • They prevent shoreline erosion • They allow for easy navigation to the coast • They scare children and famous authors

31. Among the ‘ecosystem services’ provided by mangals is: • They prevent sedimentation in shipping canals • They prevent shoreline erosion • They allow for easy navigation to the coast • They scare children and famous authors

32. Which is not an invasive species that has had large system effects? • The starfish, Pisaster • The macroalgae, Caulerpa toxifolia • The gastropod, Periwinkle • The comb jelly (Ctenophore), Mnemiopsis

33. Which is not an invasive species that has had large system effects? • The starfish, Pisaster • The macroalgae, Caulerpa • The gastropod, Periwinkle • The comb jelly (Ctenophore), Mnemiopsis

34. Hermatypic corals get • No energy from zooxanthellae • Most energy from zooxanthellae and some from catching zooplankton • Most energy from catching zooplankton and some from zooxanthellae • No energy from catching zooplankton

35. Hermatypic corals get • No energy from zooxanthellae • Most energy from zooxanthellae and some from catching zooplankton • Most energy from catching zooplankton and some from zooxanthellae • No energy from catching zooplankton

36. Which hypothesis for explaining coral reef fish diversity proposes that the outcome of fish competition is determined by which species are lucky enough to recruit? • Competition model • Recruitment limitation model • Lottery model • Predation-disturbance model

37. Which hypothesis for explaining coral reef fish diversity proposes that the outcome of fish competition is determined by which species are lucky enough to recruit? • Competition model • Recruitment limitation model • Lottery model • Predation-disturbance model

38. If a container had all of the following layers of water, which would be at the bottom? • Cold, low salinity water • Cold, high salinity water • Warm, low salinity water • Warm, high salinity water

39. If a container had all of the following layers of water, which would be at the bottom? • Cold, low salinity water • Cold, high salinity water • Warm, low salinity water • Warm, high salinity water

40. The water circulation pattern that causes wind rows is called: • Coriolus effect • Convection circulation • Langmuir circulation • Neap tides

41. The water circulation pattern that causes wind rows is called: • Coriolus effect • Convection circulation • Langmuir circulation • Neap tides

42. Light levels are lowest in the: • Epipelagic zone • Littoral zone • Abyssalpelagic zone • Mesopelagic zone

43. Light levels are lowest in the: • Epipelagic zone • Littoral zone • Abyssalpelagic zone • Mesopelagic zone

44. An example of an omnivore would be: • A crab that eats detritus • A crab that eats phytoplankton and sea grass • A crab that eats periwinkles and herbivorous nudibranchs • A crab that eats sea grass and periwinkles

45. An example of an omnivore would be: • A crab that eats detritus • A crab that eats phytoplankton and sea grass • A crab that eats periwinkles and herbivorous nudibranchs • A crab that eats sea grass and periwinkles

46. Which situation favors the growth of reef-building corals rather than algae? • High nutrient levels in the water • High abundances of herbivorous fish • Low average water temperatures • Low abundances of zooplankton

47. Which situation favors the growth of reef-building corals rather than algae? • High nutrient levels in the water • High abundances of herbivorous fish • Low average water temperatures • Low abundances of zooplankton

48. Which of the following terms refers to the total amount of living material in a trophic level at any instant in time? • A.       productivity • B.      trophic structure • C.       heterotroph • D.      standing crop

49. Which of the following terms refers to the total amount of living material in a trophic level at any instant in time? • A.       productivity • B.      trophic structure • C.       heterotroph • D.      standing crop

50. Which of the following organisms would be most likely to be growth limited by a lack of silica? A. Dinoflagellates B. Cyanobacteria C. Diatoms D. Haptophytes