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Neo Leo:  The Ageless Ideas of Leonardo Da Vinci by Gene Barretta

STEM Day, February 5, 2015. Neo Leo:  The Ageless Ideas of Leonardo Da Vinci by Gene Barretta. Turn on the TV at 8:00 and listen to Mr. Pinnock read the book. Open your STEMFolio to page 35 and spend 10 minutes responding to the literature. Design a Flying Machine.

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Neo Leo:  The Ageless Ideas of Leonardo Da Vinci by Gene Barretta

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  1. STEM Day, February 5, 2015 Neo Leo:  The Ageless Ideas of Leonardo Da Vinci by Gene Barretta

  2. Turn on the TV at 8:00 and listen to Mr. Pinnock read the book.Open your STEMFolio to page 35 and spend 10 minutes responding to the literature.

  3. Design a Flying Machine The purpose of this activity is for the students to draw a design for their own flying machine. They will apply their knowledge of aircraft design and the forces acting on them. The students will start with a brainstorming activity where they come up with creative uses for every day objects. They will then use their creativity and knowledge of airplanes to design their own flying machine.

  4. How many students like to doodle? Many inventions were "doodles" before they became reality. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), was famous for his notebook doodles and sketches of ideas for "futuristic" things that today are realities, such as helicopters, parachutes, and airplanes. When you doodle an idea down on a piece of paper, you are really starting the invention design process — generating ideas. Brainstorming is another way of coming up with ideas. It is when a group of people get together and try to answer a problem by thinking of any idea (even wild!) and building upon it as a team. Have you ever heard the phrase "Two minds are better than one?" This is because each unique person has a different, unique way of answering a question, and sometimes when you are stuck on the answer to a question or problem, a little help from a friend or neighbor can help make the solution easier. Brainstorming generally occurs in the first part of the invention design process, which involves the generation of ideas, selection of one idea, the design, build and re-design of a product.

  5. Ask the students what inventions they think were important in the history of flight. (Examples: Sir George Cayley invented a glider in 1804. The Wright brothers invented the first powered airplane in 1903. Seaplanes were invented in 1912, and in 1933, the Boeing Company designed the first modern airliner, the Boeing 247. The jet engine was patented in 1930 by Frank Whittle in Britain. Later, in 1983, the Stealth fighters — planes that are difficult to detect using radar — were made public.)

  6. Put up the next slide. Have each group choose just one item and have them brainstorm uses of their particular object. When the students' ideas are exhausted, have each table share a few of the more creative ideas.

  7. Lift • When you examine a cross-section of an airplane’s wing, or airfoil, you’ll notice that the top part is curved and the bottom part is relatively flat. This special shape creates lift, which makes the airplane fly. • As the wing moves forward, the air flowing over the top travels faster than the air flowing beneath, resulting in a lower pressure area above the wing. The relative pressure differential provides the upward force called lift. Lift is basic to flying. The Basics of flight In order for an airplane to climb, lift must be greater than gravity, the force that holds objects on the earth. For an airplane to maintain level flight at a particular altitude, lift and gravity must be the same, or in equilibrium. When gravity is greater than lift, the airplane will descend.

  8. Thrust and Drag As an airplane moves forward, the wing produces lift. The force of forward movement is called thrust, and it’s created by the engine-driven propeller or a jet engine. Like the wing, the propeller is also an airfoil. As it rotates, it creates “lift” in a forward direction that is called thrust. Thrust overcomes drag (resistance of an object toward movement). When thrust is greater than drag, during takeoff, for instance, the airplane’s speed increases. When thrust and drag are equal, the airplane maintains the same speed. Whenever drag is greater than thrust, the plane slows down. Lift, gravity, thrust, and drag are the four forces acting upon the airplane.

  9. Explain that now each group will get to design a flying machine. They will need to incorporate the ideas and concepts of drag, thrust, lift and weight (gravity).

  10. As a small group, use the Engineering Design Process to complete the tasks on pp. 37-40 of your STEMfolio.

  11. At 9:45, have each group come up and present their “Flight Machine” to the class.

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