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Biological Basis for Understanding Psychopharmacology

Explore the intricate connection between neurobiology and psychiatric illnesses, with emphasis on neurotransmitters, neurons, circadian rhythms, and genetic influences in psychopharmacology and nursing practice.

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Biological Basis for Understanding Psychopharmacology

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  1. Biological Basis for Understanding Psychopharmacology Chapter 4

  2. Psychobiology • The 101st Congress of the U.S. designated the 1990s as the “Decade of the Brain,” with the challenge for studying the biological basis of behavior. • In keeping with the neuroscientific revolution, greater emphasis is placed on the study of the organic basis for psychiatric illness.

  3. Youtube site to review • The Brain--Emotions, Neurons, Neurotransmitters • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r71RoIkftd4 • NEURONS AND NEURO-TRANSMITTERS • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DF04XPBj5uc • Neurotransmitter Synapse 3D Animation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cj4NX87Yk • Synapse animation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiZLnbKVIhM

  4. Implications for Nursing • Emphasis in psychiatric nursing is on a smooth transition from a psychosocial approach to a biopsychosocial focus • Psychiatric nurses must have a specialized knowledge about • Neuroanatomy and neurophysiology • Neuronal processes • Neuroendocrinology • Circadian rhythms • Genetic influences • Psychoimmunology • Psychopharmacology • Diagnostic technology

  5. Circadian rhythms Follow a near-24-hour cycle in humans and may influence a variety of regulatory functions, including the sleep-wake cycle, body temperature regulation, patterns of activity such as eating and drinking, and hormone secretion. • Some mood disorders have been linked to increased secretion of melatonin during darkness hours. • Symptoms that occur in the premenstrual cycle have been linked to disruptions in biological rhythms.

  6. Sleep-wake cycle is one of the most common biological rhythms that demonstrates circadian influence. • Sleep stages • 0 – Alpha • 1 – Beta • 2 – Theta • 3 – Delta • 4 – Delta • REM - Beta • Neurochemical influences on sleep-wake cycle • Serotonin and L-tryptophan • Norepinephrine and dopamine • GABA • Acetylcholine

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