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Content and Organization: A Manuscript in American Psychology Association Style

This manuscript provides a comprehensive guide on the content and organization of research papers using the American Psychology Association (APA) style. It explores the quality of content, authorship characteristics, and the different parts of a manuscript.

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Content and Organization: A Manuscript in American Psychology Association Style

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  1. Content and Organization a manuscript American Psychology Association 指導老師：任維廉　教授 報告人：徐文華 2015/06/04

  2. About me • 徐文華 • 科技管理研究所 碩一 • 閱讀、游泳

  3. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association • 1928年，一群心理學和人類學期刊主編擬定一份七頁的寫作指南，列出期刊編輯審稿依據供投稿者參考 • 指南於1929年刊登在美國心理學會所出版的Psychological Bulletin • 1952年正式出版為「美國心理協會出版手冊」，稱為APA Style Manual，其所採用的寫作格式就是APA Style Science 1892

  4. Introduction • Research is complete only when the results are shared with the scientific community • Scientific journal • Build on existing work, contributing something new • The writing processrequires a thorough review and evaluation of previous work. Authorship Quality Structure

  5. I. Quality of Content 1. Designing and Reporting Research • As an author, you should know how editors and reviewers evaluate manuscripts 2. Evaluating Content • If the research is sufficiently important and free from flaws to justify publication?

  6. Quality of Content-Designing and Reporting Research • Following defects you should avoid: • Piecemeal publication • The reporting of only a single correlation • The reporting of negative results • Failure to build in needed controls • Exhaustion of a problem

  7. Quality of Content-Evaluating Content • Checklist based on Bartol, 1981 • Is the research question significant? Is the work original and important? • Have the instruments been demonstrated to have satisfactory reliability and validity? • Are the outcome clearly relate to the variables? • Does the research design fully unambiguous test the hypothesis? • Are the subjects representative of the population? • Did the researchers observe ethical standards? • Is the research advance enough?

  8. II. Characteristics of Authorship and Articles • Authorship ─ Who receive primary credit and hold primary responsibility for a published work • Types of Articles • Empirical • Review articles • Theoretical articles • Other • Length, Headings, and Tone

  9. Characteristics of Authorship and Articles -Authorship • Author • Who write the article • Who made scientific contributions to the study • Joint authorship • major contributions made by several person • Acknowledge in footnotes • minor contributions • The name of the principal contributor should appear first

  10. Characteristics of Authorship and Articles -Types of Articles • Report of empirical studies • Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion • Review articles • Defines and theoretical articles • Summarize previous investigation • Identify relations, contradiction, gap, and inconsistence • Suggests the next step • Theoretical artificial • Other • brief report, comments, replies

  11. Characteristics of Authorship and ArticlesLength, Headings, and Tone • Length • 1 printed page = 3 manuscript pages • Headings • Help readers grasp the paper’s outline and the relative importance of the parts of the paper • Tone • Present the ideas and findings directly but aim for an interesting and compelling manner

  12. III. Parts of a Manuscript • Title Page • Abstract • Introduction • Method • Result • Discussion • Multiple experiments, reference, appendix

  13. Parts of a Manuscript -Title Page • Title summarize the main idea • Don’t use abbreviations in a title • The recommended length: 12 to15 words • Manuscript has a by-line consisting of two parts : Author’s name and affiliation

  14. Parts of a Manuscript -Abstract • A brief, comprehensive summary • All APA journal except Contemporary Psychology require an abstract. • Abstract for • Empirical study: 100 to 150 words • Review or theoretical article : 75 to 100 words • A good abstract • Accurate : correctly reflects the purpose • Self-contained : define all abbreviations and acronyms • Concise and specific • Nonevaluative • Coherent and readable

  15. Parts of a Manuscript -Introduction • Introduce the problem • What is the problem? • How do the hypothesis and the experimential design relate to the problem? • What are the theoretical implications of the study, and how does the study relate to previous work in the area? • Develop the background • State the purpose and rationale

  16. Parts of a Manuscript -Method • How the study conduct • Enable the readers to evaluate the appropriateness of your methods and the reliability and the validity of your result. • Identify subsections • Subjects • Who participated in the study • Apparatus • Procedure

  17. Parts of a Manuscript -Result

  18. Parts of a Manuscript -Result

  19. Parts of a Manuscript • Discussion • Evaluate and interpret their implications • Emphasis theoretical relate to the results • Multiple experiments • Describe the method and results of each experiment separately • Reference • Appendix

  20. Parts of a Manuscript-Reference

  21. Parts of a Manuscript-Reference

  22. THANK YOU

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