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Unit 1 Journal #3 1/14

This journal entry discusses the concepts of taxonomy, including the modern taxonomic levels and the use of cladograms. It also explains how scientists use dichotomous keys to identify unknown organisms.

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Unit 1 Journal #3 1/14

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  1. Unit 1 Journal #3 1/14 • After I return the folders, any missing work turned in will be half credit. • Please turn in any unit 1 work right now! • Answer ONE of the questions below when you receive your folder: • Describe how warm blooded animal gonad development differs from cold blooded animals. • What is the sonic hedgehog gene? What happens if you have too much? What happens if you have too little?

  2. TAXONOMY

  3. What is Taxonomy • Science of grouping and naming organisms based on similarities.

  4. What are the modern taxonomic levels we will use in Zoology? Dear Domain Mneumonic Device King Kingdom Phillip Phylum Came Class Over Order For Family Great Genus Spaghetti Species

  5. According to this diagram, what is the biggest, most general category? Kingdom What is the smallest, most specific category? Species

  6. Humans Lion Tiger Pintail Duck Which two organisms are most closely related? 2 & 3 Which organism is the least related to the other three? #4

  7. What is this animal called? • Cougar, Mtn lion, Puma? • Depends on where you live… • The names used above are common names. • Scientists use scientific names when referring to organisms. • Using scientific names reduces confusion of using regional names.

  8. What’s in a name… a scientific name… • Always written in Latin (old, dead lang.) • Italicized when typed, underline when written • First word is always capitalized genus name (ex: Homo) • Second word is always lowercase species name (ex: sapien) A dog, Canis domesticus

  9. Scientific names cont’d… • Species name can represent: • Color- ex: Acer rubrumis a red maple • Who discovered it- ex: Cyriopaluswallaceiis a beetle discovered by Alfred Russell Wallace • Place where discovered- ex: Aplysiacalifornicais a California Sea Hare

  10. The NEW category… the DOMAIN… • Domains are categories that are larger than kingdoms. • Three domains • Bacteria • Includes Kingdom Eubacteria • Archaea • Includes Kingdom Archaebacteria • Eukarya • Includes protists, fungi, plants, animals

  11. How are cladograms used in Zoology? • Show evolutionary relationships • Show when certain traits evolved • Like a family tree Everything from the perch up has jaws. Organisms below jaws never developed that trait Everything from the lizard up has claws/nails. Organisms below that trait do not have that trait.

  12. Which two animals are more closely related? • Which two animals are least closely related? Chimp & Bonobo Gibbon & Human

  13. What do scientists observe to determine placement of an unknown organism? • Biochemical similarities (DNA) • Morphology (structures) • Physiology (similar working parts) • Developmental similarities (embryos)

  14. When are dichotomous keys used? Dichotomous key: 1. Type of tool used to identify unknown organisms. 2. Use a series of steps to identify an organism starting with its most general traits & ending with its most specific traits. How to read one: • Read 1st two statements. Which ever is correct about your organism, follow the instructions. Keep doing this until you reach a scientific name. • See example on next slide

  15. Geospiza Bird W Bird X Bird Y Bird Z Platyspiza Certhidea Camarhynchus

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