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Reproductive Systems: Functions and Structures

Learn about the male and female reproductive systems, the cells involved in fertilization, the structures and functions of each organ, and the processes of egg and sperm production. Explore the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and birth.

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Reproductive Systems: Functions and Structures

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  1. Controlling Body Processes Ms. De Los Rios 6th grade science The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Ch.13.3

  2. What are the Functions of the Reproductive Systems? Pg. 517 An egg cell and a sperm cell join in a process called fertilization. • An egg is the female sex cell. • The male sex cell is a sperm. Fertilization is part of sexual reproduction, the process by which males and females produce new individuals. When fertilization occurs, a fertilized egg, or zygote containing all the information needed to produce a human being is produced.

  3. The Male and Female Reproductive SystemsFig. 1 pg. 517 Egg and Sperm An egg is one of the largest cells in the body. A sperm cell is much smaller than an egg and can move. Describe each of the cells involved in fertilization.

  4. Male Reproductive System pg. 518 The male reproductive system is specialized to produce: sperm cells and the hormone testosterone. The structures of this system include: the testes, scrotum, and penis. The testes are clusters of tiny, coiled tubes where sperm are formed and testosterone is produced. The hormone testosterone controls the development of adult male characteristics. The testes are located in a pouch of skin called the scrotum. Sperm travel through tubes in the male reproductive system, mixing with fluids produced by nearby glands. This mixture of sperm cells and fluids is called semen. Semen leaves the body through an organ called the penis.

  5. The Male Reproductive Systems Fig. 2 pg. 518 Structures of the Male Reproductive System What is the structure and function of each organ?

  6. The Male Reproductive Systems Fig. 3 pg. 519 Sperm Production and Passage From the Body Sperm are produced in the testes and leave the body through the urethra.

  7. The Female Reproductive System pg. 518 The female reproductive system is specialized to: • produce eggs • nourish the developing baby until birth. • It also produces hormones including estrogen. The organs of this system include: the ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. The ovaries are the female reproductive structures that produce eggs. The ovaries are also endocrine glands that produce hormones, including estrogen, which triggers the development of some adult female characteristics. Each month, one ovary releases a mature egg into the nearest Fallopian tube, a passageway from the ovary to the uterus, a hollow muscular organ. The baby leaves its mother’s body through the vagina, a muscular passageway.

  8. The and Female Reproductive Systems Fig. 4 pg. 520 Structures of the Female Reproductive System The word ovary comes from the Latin word ova meaning “eggs.” What are the functions of the ovaries and the Fallopian tubes?

  9. The Female Reproductive Systems Fig. 5 pg. 521 Egg Production and Passage From the Body Each month, an ovary produces an egg that leaves the body if it is not fertilized. What are the functions of the uterus and the vagina?

  10. Did You Know???? When the female reproductive system becomes mature, the ovaries contain about 400,000 undeveloped eggs. However, only about 450 of those eggs will actually leave the ovaries and reach the uterus during a typical woman’s life.

  11. Menstrual Cycle An egg develops and is released about once a month in a mature woman. This event is part of the menstrual cycle, or the monthly cycle of changes that occurs in females. During the menstrual cycle, an egg develops in an ovary. At the same time, the lining of the uterus thickens in a way that prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg.

  12. The Female Reproductive System fig. 4 pg. 522 The Menstrual Cycle The menstrual cycle takes about 28 days.

  13. The Male and Female Reproductive Systems pg. 523 Use the data in the table to complete a line graph. What are the axes? What would be a good title for the graph? Assess your und.

  14. Pregnancy and Birth The Amniotic Sac and the Placenta A fetus needs nourishment and protection to develop properly. What are the functions of the amniotic sac and the placenta?

  15. Pregnancy and Birth A pregnancy is often divided into three stages called trimesters. Each trimester is three months. How much weight does a developing fetus gain in the first trimester?

  16. Pregnancy and Birth Birth Contractions in the uterus signal the start of labor. Describe the events in each stage of birth.

  17. Pregnancy and Birth Multiple Births The delivery of more than one baby from a single pregnancy is called a multiple birth. Twin births are the most common multiple births. Other multiple births, such as triplets, can also be fraternal or identical.

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