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African Music Traits: Rhythm, Percussion, Timbre

Explore Ewe tribal music, Yoruba drumming, and Nigerian popular music in Africa, highlighting rhythms, percussion, and interlocking parts. Listen to examples and discover the cultural significance of these musical traditions.

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African Music Traits: Rhythm, Percussion, Timbre

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  1. Friendly Alert: Listening Quiz # 2, FRIDAY(18 April 14)covers Indonesia and Japan (Any relevant examples from the Textbook CD set)

  2. General African Music Traits • Emphasis on Rhythm • Use of Percussion • Density of Timbre (“buzzy sound”) • Use of Ostinato • Use of interlocking parts • Call and Response • Controlled Improvisation

  3. Ewe Tribal areas

  4. Anlo-Ewe Tribe • Primarily southern coastal Ghana • Hierarchically organized society- tribal chiefs (regional and local)- age groups (local groups of similar ages) • Dance Clubs (social identifiers, e.g., towns)- led by committees (hierarchical)- ensembles reflect social organization • Semiprofessional (cf. Pygmy and Mande) • Interlocking Parts (cooperative group)

  5. Drums from Eastern Ghana

  6. Gangkogui (timeline)

  7. Axatse (timeline)

  8. Atsimevu(leader)

  9. Sogo, Kidi, Kaganu(left to right)

  10. Anlo-Ewe Drum Ensemble • Gangokui (clapperless double bell) -TIMELINE • Axatse (rattle – external beads on fishnet) - TIME • Atsimevu (largest drum, often on stand) - LEAD • Kaganu (medium small, semi-independent) • Sogo (small, 2-1/2 ft closed, hand, follower) • Kidi (small, 2 ft closed, sticks, follower) • See dancedrummer.com for examples • Also see Virtual Instrument Museum (Region: Africa)for individual instruments

  11. Yoruba Tribal region

  12. Yoruba “Talking Drum”

  13. African Drumming on YouTube • YouTube - Akrowa Dance Ensemble, Drumming in Kokrobite Ghana • YouTube - traditional Ewe drumming and singing • YouTube - Ayan Bisi Adeleke - Master talking drummer - drum talks • YouTube - Yoruba Bata Ensemble Drums for Orisa, volume 1

  14. Africa(political)

  15. Popular Music in Africa(mainly Nigeria & West Coast)

  16. Yaw Ofori Singing Band(recorded by Union Trading Company [UTC] in 1940s?)

  17. Ramblers Dance Band(“Highlife”, c. 1950s?)

  18. E.T. Mensah and his Tempos Band(Ghana, c. 1955)

  19. Rhythm Aces performing at “Weekend in Havana”(Club in James Town, Ghana, c. 1950-60)

  20. I. K. Dairo (1930-1996) • Nigerian • Late 1950s – nationalism • Pan-Tribal influences (Yoruba) • Talking Drum • Emphasis on Rhythm • Morning Star Orchestra • Blue Spots (1960s) • “Ju ju”

  21. Jújú • Yoruba-based music (tribe of SW Nigeria) • Emerges in 1930s w/ trios - a leader who sang and played the banjo- a shekere bottle-gourd rattle player- a jùjú (tambourine) drummer • 1948 – addition of Yoruba talking drum • King Sunny’s Band (large lineup, up to 16+)5-8 guitars, 2+ Talking drums, synthesizer(s), pedal steel guitar, miscellaneous percussion, 4 or more backup singers • “Jújú Music” (Island Records, 1982) -200,000 copies sold [replacement for Bob Marley]

  22. King Sunny Adé (b. 1946)“Minister of Enjoyment” “Golden Mercury of Africa”

  23. King Sunny and his African Beats

  24. Highlife, JuJu, Afrobeat(Nigerian Pop) • YouTube - Taxi Driver - A Highlife Classic • YouTube - Classic Highlife • YouTube - West African Highlife Band & Nigerian Brothers drum & chants • YouTube - JUJU MUSIC - Performance Documentary Trailer • YouTube - Dele Abiodun- Juju music -Nigeria Yoruba • YouTube - Juju Tempo Tola Osumare • YouTube - I.K. Dairo - Salome (Audio) • YouTube - I.K. Dairo MBE • YouTube - King Sunny Ade (KSA@60) • King Sunny Ade - Ja Funmi (Waka Version) - YouTube • YouTube - King Sunny Ade - Sunny Ti de Ariya (Audio) • YouTube - king sunny ade (AUDIO)

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